Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Rev Neurosci. 2011;22(6):675-94. doi: 10.1515/RNS.2011.048. Epub 2011 Nov 18.
Manganese ion (Mn(2+)) is a calcium (Ca(2+)) analog that can enter neurons and other excitable cells through voltage gated Ca(2+) channels. Mn(2+) is also a paramagnetic that shortens the spin-lattice relaxation time constant (T(1)) of tissues where it has accumulated, resulting in positive contrast enhancement. Mn(2+) was first investigated as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent approximately 20 years ago to assess the toxicity of the metal in rats. In the late 1990s, Alan Koretsky and colleagues pioneered the use of manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI) towards studying brain activity, tract tracing and enhancing anatomical detail. This review will describe the methodologies and applications of MEMRI in the following areas: monitoring brain activity in animal models, in vivo neuronal tract tracing and using MEMRI to assess in vivo axonal transport rates.
锰离子（Mn(2+)）是一种钙（Ca(2+)）类似物，可以通过电压门控 Ca(2+)通道进入神经元和其他可兴奋细胞。Mn(2+)也是一种顺磁性物质，可缩短其积累的组织的自旋晶格弛豫时间常数（T(1)），从而产生正对比增强。大约 20 年前，锰（Mn(2+)）首次被用作磁共振成像（MRI）造影剂，以评估金属在大鼠中的毒性。在 20 世纪 90 年代末，Alan Koretsky 及其同事开创了使用锰增强磁共振成像（MEMRI）来研究大脑活动、追踪神经通路和增强解剖细节的先河。本综述将描述 MEMRI 在以下领域的方法和应用：监测动物模型中的大脑活动、在体神经元追踪以及使用 MEMRI 评估体内轴突运输速率。
