Department of Family Medicine, University of South Florida,12901 Bruce B.Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2011 Dec;41(6):615-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.005.
Elementary schools are one potential venue for sun protection interventions that reduce childhood sun exposure.
To assess Year-2 results from a cluster randomized trial promoting hat use at schools.
Block randomization was used to assign intervention/control status to participating schools. Data were collected from 2006 to 2008 and analyzed in 2007-2010.
SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Of the 24 schools in the School District of Hillsborough County, Florida enrolled, 4th-graders were targeted in the first year and followed through their 5th-grade year.
Classroom sessions were conducted to improve sun protection knowledge, foster more positive attitudes about hat use, and change the subjective norm of wearing hats when at school.
Year-2 outcomes assessed included hat use at school (measured by direct observation), hat use outside of school (measured by self-report) and skin pigmentation and nevi counts (measured for a subgroup of 439 students).
The percentage of students observed wearing hats at control schools remained unchanged during the 2-year period (range 0%-2%) but increased significantly at intervention schools (2% at baseline, 41% at end of Year 1, 19% at end of Year 2; p<0.001 for intervention effect). Measures of skin pigmentation, nevi counts, and self-reported use of hats outside of school did not change during the study period.
This intervention increased use of hats at school through Year 2 but had no measurable effect on skin pigmentation or nevi. Whether school-based interventions can ultimately prevent skin cancer is uncertain.
小学是进行减少儿童阳光暴露的防晒干预措施的一个潜在场所。
评估一项在学校推广戴帽的整群随机试验的二年级结果。
采用分块随机化方法将干预/对照组的状态分配给参与学校。数据收集于 2006 年至 2008 年，并于 2007 年至 2010 年进行分析。
地点/参与者：在佛罗里达州希尔斯伯勒县学区的 24 所学校中，四年级学生在第一年被定为目标，并在五年级时进行跟踪。
在课堂上进行了课程，以提高防晒知识，培养对戴帽的更积极态度，并改变在学校时戴帽的主观规范。
第二年的结果评估包括在校戴帽（通过直接观察测量）、校外戴帽（通过自我报告测量）以及皮肤色素沉着和痣计数（对 439 名学生中的一个亚组进行测量）。
在两年期间，对照组学生观察到戴帽子的比例保持不变（范围 0%-2%），但干预组学校的比例显著增加（基线时为 2%，第一年结束时为 41%，第二年结束时为 19%；干预效果的 p 值<0.001）。皮肤色素沉着、痣计数和校外戴帽的自我报告测量在研究期间没有变化。
这项干预措施在第二年增加了在校戴帽的使用，但对皮肤色素沉着或痣没有可衡量的影响。学校为基础的干预措施最终能否预防皮肤癌仍不确定。
