Gladstone Institutes of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 94158, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Nov 17;10(5):426-35. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2011.11.002.
Thirteen years ago, human cyclin T1 was identified as part of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and the long-sought host cofactor for the HIV-1 transactivator Tat. Recent years have brought new insights into the intricate regulation of P-TEFb function and its relationship with Tat, revealing novel mechanisms for controlling HIV transcription and fueling new efforts to overcome the barrier of transcriptional latency in eradicating HIV. Moreover, the improved understanding of HIV and Tat forms a basis for studying transcription elongation control in general. Here, we review advances in HIV transcription research with a focus on the growing family of cellular P-TEFb complexes, structural insights into the interactions between Tat, P-TEFb, and TAR RNA, and the multifaceted regulation of these interactions by posttranscriptional modifications of Tat.
十三年前，人类 cyclin T1 被鉴定为正转录延伸因子 b (P-TEFb) 的一部分，也是 HIV-1 转录激活因子 Tat 的长期寻找的宿主共因子。近年来，人们对 P-TEFb 功能的复杂调控及其与 Tat 的关系有了新的认识，揭示了控制 HIV 转录的新机制，并为克服消除 HIV 转录潜伏期的障碍提供了新的努力。此外，对 HIV 和 Tat 的深入了解为研究转录延伸控制奠定了基础。在这里，我们回顾了 HIV 转录研究的进展，重点介绍了不断发展的细胞 P-TEFb 复合物家族、Tat、P-TEFb 和 TAR RNA 之间相互作用的结构见解，以及 Tat 的转录后修饰对这些相互作用的多方面调控。
