FAME Laboratory, Institute of Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Centre for Research and Technology Thessaly, Greece.
Int J Cardiol. 2013 Feb 20;163(2):109-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.140. Epub 2011 Nov 17.
Given the widespread incidence of smoking as well as its deleterious health effects, it is crucial to examine practical and cost effective prognostic markers assessing its health impact. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a straightforward and cost effective technique to foresee health problems of cardiovascular nature and may be used to predict in advance smoking-induced health effects. In this review we evaluate the existing biological evidence regarding the effects of smoking on HRV and their associated cardiovascular consequences. In addition, we summarize fundamental information on the various HRV indicators and their diagnostic significance in relation to heart failure. An in depth analysis of the various HRV indices characterizing changes in the activation of the autonomic nervous system is provided together with a critical evaluation of all evidence published to date on the influence of chronic and acute active and passive smoking on HRV. Overall, the vast majority of published evidence suggests that acute and chronic active and passive smoking generate marked disruptions in the normal autonomic nervous system functioning characterized by increased sympathetic drive and reduced HRV and parasympathetic modulation. The proposed mechanisms that may generate this smoke-induced HRV reduction as well as its clinical implications are thoroughly evaluated.
鉴于吸烟的广泛发生及其对健康的有害影响，检查实用且具有成本效益的预后标志物来评估其健康影响至关重要。心率变异性（HRV）是一种简单且具有成本效益的技术，可以预测心血管性质的健康问题，并可用于提前预测吸烟引起的健康影响。在这篇综述中，我们评估了现有的关于吸烟对 HRV 及其相关心血管后果影响的生物学证据。此外，我们总结了有关各种 HRV 指标的基本信息及其与心力衰竭的诊断意义。深入分析了描述自主神经系统激活变化的各种 HRV 指数，并对迄今为止关于慢性和急性主动和被动吸烟对 HRV 影响的所有证据进行了批判性评估。总的来说，绝大多数已发表的证据表明，急性和慢性主动和被动吸烟会导致正常自主神经系统功能的明显中断，其特征是交感神经驱动增加、HRV 降低和副交感神经调节减少。对可能产生这种吸烟引起的 HRV 降低的机制及其临床意义进行了彻底评估。
