Carrillo Andres E, Dinas Petros C, Gkiata Paraskevi, Ferri Alexa R, Kenny Glen P, Koutedakis Yiannis, Jamurtas Athanasios Z, Metsios George S, Flouris Andreas D
Department of Exercise Science, College of Health Sciences, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Jun 30;14(7):794. doi: 10.3390/biology14070794.
We examined heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in young and middle-aged men after a period of detraining that immediately followed the completion of an exercise training program. Eight young (27.8 ± 3.8 years) and ten middle-aged (41.9 ± 3.8 years) men were randomly assigned to complete an 8-week exercise training program that included either aerobic (young: = 3; middle-aged: = 2), resistance (young: = 3; middle-aged: = 3), or combined (aerobic/resistance) (young: = 2; middle-aged: = 5) exercise. Thereafter, participants ceased all planned exercise training activities during an 8-week detraining period. Resting HR and HRV were assessed at baseline, after exercise training, and after detraining. An analysis of mean differences between age groups at each time-point revealed a significantly higher standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of squared differences between successive RR intervals (RMSSD), high-frequency (HF) band (0.15-0.40 Hz), and cardiac vagal index (CVI) in young participants when compared to middle-aged participants at baseline ( ≤ 0.019) and after detraining ( ≤ 0.045), but not after the 8-week exercise training intervention ( ≥ 0.057). Additionally, in middle-aged participants, we observed a significant negative association between the percent change in HRV indices (RMSSD, HF, and CVI) and systolic blood pressure in response to detraining ( < 0.05). In conclusion, young participants had higher levels of HRV indices at baseline, reflecting greater cardiac vagal modulation when compared to middle-aged participants. We showed that these age-related differences in HRV are diminished following exercise training but are reestablished following 8 weeks of detraining. Given that age-related attenuations in HRV may reflect changes in cardiovascular health, it is important to further investigate the relationships between HRV, exercise training and detraining, aging, and the risk of poor health outcomes.
我们在一段运动训练计划结束后紧接着的停训期，对年轻和中年男性的心率（HR）及心率变异性（HRV）进行了检测。八名年轻男性（27.8±3.8岁）和十名中年男性（41.9±3.8岁）被随机分配完成一项为期8周的运动训练计划，该计划包括有氧运动（年轻组：n = 3；中年组：n = 2）、抗阻运动（年轻组：n = 3；中年组：n = 3）或联合运动（有氧/抗阻）（年轻组：n = 2；中年组：n = 5）。此后，参与者在为期8周的停训期内停止了所有有计划的运动训练活动。在基线期、运动训练后以及停训后对静息HR和HRV进行了评估。对各时间点年龄组之间平均差异的分析显示，与中年参与者相比，年轻参与者在基线期（P≤0.019）和停训后（P≤0.045）的正常RR间期标准差（SDNN）、连续RR间期平方差均值的平方根（RMSSD）、高频（HF）频段（0.15 - 0.40 Hz）以及心脏迷走神经指数（CVI）显著更高，但在为期8周的运动训练干预后则不然（P≥0.057）。此外，在中年参与者中，我们观察到HRV指标（RMSSD、HF和CVI）的变化百分比与停训后收缩压之间存在显著负相关（P<0.05）。总之，年轻参与者在基线期的HRV指标水平更高，这反映出与中年参与者相比，其心脏迷走神经调节能力更强。我们表明，HRV方面这些与年龄相关的差异在运动训练后会减小，但在8周的停训后会重新出现。鉴于HRV方面与年龄相关的衰减可能反映心血管健康的变化，进一步研究HRV、运动训练与停训、衰老以及健康不良结局风险之间的关系很重要。
