Cognition for Technical Systems, Experimentelle Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
Exp Brain Res. 2012 Feb;216(3):463-72. doi: 10.1007/s00221-011-2949-8. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
Looking at actions of others activates representations of similar own actions, that is, the action resonates. This may facilitate or interfere with the actions that one intends to make. We asked whether people promote or block those effects by making eye movements to or away from the actions of others. We investigated gaze behavior with a cup-clinking task: An actor shown on a video grabbed a cup and moved it toward the participant who next grabbed his own cup in the 'same' or in a different, 'complementary', way. In the 'same' condition, participants mostly looked at the place where the actor held the cup. In the 'complementary' condition, gaze behavior was similar at the start of the actor's action. To our surprise, as the action reached completion, participants started to look at the cup's site that corresponded to the grabbing instruction for their own action. A second experiment showed that this effect grew with delay of the go-signal. This indicates that a reason for the effect may be to support memorizing the instructed action. The bottom line of the study is that passively viewed scenes (passive in the sense that nothing in the observed scene is manipulated by the viewer) are scanned to support preparation of actions that one intends to make. We discuss how this finding relates to action resonance and how it relates to links between representations of actions and objects.
观察他人的行为会激活自身类似行为的表征，也就是说，行为产生共鸣。这可能会促进或干扰人们的意图行为。我们通过让人们注视或避开他人的动作来研究眼动是否会促进或干扰这些影响。我们通过杯子敲击任务来研究注视行为：在视频中，一个演员拿起一个杯子并将其移动到参与者面前，参与者随后以“相同”或“互补”的方式拿起自己的杯子。在“相同”条件下，参与者大多注视着演员拿着杯子的地方。在“互补”条件下，在演员动作开始时，参与者的注视行为相似。令我们惊讶的是，当动作完成时，参与者开始注视与自己动作的抓取指令相对应的杯子位置。第二个实验表明，随着信号延迟，这种效应会增强。这表明该效应的一个原因可能是为了支持记忆指令动作。研究的要点是，被动观察的场景（在被观察的场景中，没有任何东西被观察者操纵的意义上是被动的）会被扫描以支持人们打算执行的动作的准备。我们讨论了这一发现如何与动作共鸣相关，以及它如何与动作和物体的表征之间的联系相关。
