Hayes Amy E, Paul Matthew A, Beuger Boukje, Tipper Steven P
School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2PZ, UK.
Psychol Res. 2008 Jul;72(4):461-72. doi: 10.1007/s00426-007-0125-3. Epub 2007 Sep 25.
Affective responses to objects can be influenced by cognitive processes such as perceptual fluency. Here we investigated whether the quality of motor interaction with an object influences affective response to the object. Participants grasped and moved objects using either a fluent action or a non-fluent action (avoiding an obstacle). Liking ratings were higher for objects in the fluent condition. Two further studies investigated whether the fluency of another person's actions influences affective response. Observers watched movie clips of the motor actions described above, in conditions where the observed actor could be seen to be looking towards the grasped object, or where the actor's head and gaze were not visible. Two results were observed: First, when the actor's gaze cannot be seen, liking ratings of the objects are reduced. Second, action fluency of observed actions does influence liking ratings, but only when the actor's gaze towards the object is visible. These findings provide supporting evidence for the important role of observed eye gaze in action simulation, and demonstrate that non-emotive actions can evoke empathic states in observers.
对物体的情感反应会受到诸如知觉流畅性等认知过程的影响。在此，我们研究了与物体的运动交互质量是否会影响对该物体的情感反应。参与者使用流畅动作或不流畅动作（避开障碍物）来抓取并移动物体。在流畅条件下，对物体的喜爱评分更高。另外两项研究调查了他人动作的流畅性是否会影响情感反应。观察者观看上述运动动作的电影片段，在这些条件下，可以看到被观察的演员看向被抓取的物体，或者演员的头部和目光不可见。观察到两个结果：第一，当看不到演员的目光时，对物体的喜爱评分会降低。第二，观察到的动作的流畅性确实会影响喜爱评分，但仅当演员看向物体的目光可见时才会如此。这些发现为观察到的目光在动作模拟中的重要作用提供了支持性证据，并表明非情感动作可以在观察者中唤起共情状态。
