Pediatrics/Referral ADHD children from CHU of Dijon Department of Psychiatry of Children, Dijon, France.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2011;4:113-7. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S22924. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
Diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is not straightforward and misdiagnosis may occur, which leads to the possibility of errors in treatment, with numerous possible side effects that could be especially damaging in view of the age of the population. For this reason, a tool that is easy to use, fast, and cost-effective, which provides an addition to conventional diagnosis and treatment monitoring of ADHD children, is needed. In this study, electro interstitial scans (EIS) were used to perform bioimpedance measurements. The results of conductivity measurements taken using forehead electrodes in a group of children conventionally diagnosed with ADHD and in a control group not showing any symptoms of ADHD were compared.
Sixty children without any ADHD symptoms (group 1) and 52 children diagnosed with ADHD following psychiatric examination (group 2) underwent an examination with the EIS system. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the conductivity measurements at the level of the forehead electrodes, using independent t-tests and a receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the test.
The mean of the conductivity measurements of two pathways between the forehead electrodes (from left forehead to right forehead and from right forehead to left forehead) in the ADHD group was 33.11 micro Siemens (mS) (range 2-113 mS). This was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than mean of the conductivity measurements of two pathways between the forehead electrodes of the control group (2.75 mS, range 1.75-27.4 mS). In terms of the ROC results, comparing the two groups using the reference of the mean of conductivity measurements of the two pathways between the forehead electrodes, the test showed a specificity of 98% and sensitivity of 80% and P = 0.0001 (95% confidence interval) with a cutoff value at 7.4 mS.
The EIS marker related to the conductivity measurements of the forehead pathway has a high specificity and high sensitivity and use of this could provide practitioners with a noninvasive, low-cost system that is easy to use in the office and could offer an adjunct to the conventional diagnosis of ADHD children. It could also assist in treatment monitoring, and allow for earlier intervention.
儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的诊断并不简单，可能会出现误诊，这可能导致治疗出现错误，而且可能会产生许多可能的副作用，鉴于该人群的年龄，这些副作用可能特别有害。出于这个原因，需要一种易于使用、快速且具有成本效益的工具，该工具可以作为 ADHD 儿童常规诊断和治疗监测的补充。在这项研究中，使用电间质扫描（EIS）进行生物阻抗测量。比较了一组经传统 ADHD 诊断的儿童和一组无 ADHD 症状的对照组前额电极的电导率测量结果。
60 名无任何 ADHD 症状的儿童（第 1 组）和 52 名经精神病学检查诊断为 ADHD 的儿童（第 2 组）接受 EIS 系统检查。使用独立 t 检验和受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）对前额电极水平的电导率测量值进行比较，以确定该测试的特异性和敏感性。
ADHD 组前额电极之间（从左前额到右前额和从右前额到左前额）两个路径的电导率测量平均值为 33.11 微西门子（mS）（范围 2-113 mS）。这明显高于对照组前额电极之间两个路径的电导率测量平均值（2.75 mS，范围 1.75-27.4 mS）（P < 0.001）。根据 ROC 结果，使用前额电极之间两个路径电导率测量平均值作为参考值比较两组，该测试的特异性为 98%，敏感性为 80%，P = 0.0001（95%置信区间），截断值为 7.4 mS。
与前额通路电导率测量相关的 EIS 标志物具有很高的特异性和很高的敏感性，该标志物的使用可为从业者提供一种非侵入性、低成本、易于在办公室使用的系统，并且可以作为 ADHD 儿童常规诊断的补充。它还可以辅助治疗监测，并可以更早地进行干预。
