Division of Infectious Diseases, Akron General Medical Center, 224 W. Exchange St. Suite 290, Akron, OH, 44302, USA,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2012 Feb;14(1):47-52. doi: 10.1007/s11908-011-0225-5.
Gastrointestinal illness following natural disasters is a common occurrence and often results from the disruption of potable water supplies. The risk for outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness is higher in developing countries because of fewer available resources and poorer infrastructure. But industrialized countries are not immune from this problem, as demonstrated by an outbreak of gastroenteritis from norovirus that followed in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Rates of gastrointestinal illness following natural disasters are influenced by the endemicity of specific pathogens in the affected region before the disaster, the type of disaster itself, the availability of health care resources, and the response by public health personnel after the disaster. Ensuring the uninterrupted supply of safe drinking water following a natural disaster, like adding chlorine, is the most important strategy to prevent outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness.
自然灾害后发生胃肠道疾病是很常见的，通常是由于饮用水供应中断所致。发展中国家由于资源较少和基础设施较差，胃肠道疾病暴发的风险更高。但是，工业化国家也不能幸免，2005 年卡特里娜飓风过后，诺如病毒引起的胃肠炎暴发就是一个例证。自然灾害后胃肠道疾病的发病率受到受灾地区特定病原体在灾害前的流行程度、灾害类型、卫生保健资源的可获得性以及灾害后公共卫生人员的应对情况的影响。确保在自然灾害后安全饮用水的不间断供应，如添加氯，是预防胃肠道疾病暴发的最重要策略。
