Powers Hilary J, Corfe B M, Nakano E
Human Nutrition Unit, The School of Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK,
Subcell Biochem. 2012;56:229-45. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-2199-9_12.
Riboflavin (7,8-dimethyl-10-ribitylisoalloxazine; vitamin B2) is a water-soluble vitamin, cofactor derivatives of which (FAD, FMN) act as electron acceptors in the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acids and fatty acids and which in the reduced state can donate electrons to complex II of the electron transport chain. This means that riboflavin is essential for energy generation in the aerobic cell, through oxidative phosphorylation. The classic effects of riboflavin deficiency on growth and development have generally been explained in terms of these functions. However, research also suggests that riboflavin may have specific functions associated with cell fate determination, which would have implications for growth and development. In particular, riboflavin depletion interferes with the normal progression of the cell cycle, probably through effects on the expression of regulatory genes, exerted at both the transcriptional and proteomic level.
核黄素（7,8 - 二甲基 - 10 - 核糖基异咯嗪；维生素B2）是一种水溶性维生素，其辅因子衍生物（FAD、FMN）在碳水化合物、氨基酸和脂肪酸的氧化代谢中作为电子受体，并且在还原状态下可以将电子提供给电子传递链的复合物II。这意味着核黄素对于需氧细胞通过氧化磷酸化产生能量至关重要。核黄素缺乏对生长发育的经典影响通常根据这些功能来解释。然而，研究还表明核黄素可能具有与细胞命运决定相关的特定功能，这将对生长发育产生影响。特别是，核黄素耗竭可能通过影响调控基因的表达，在转录和蛋白质组水平上干扰细胞周期的正常进程。
