Hypertension Research Laboratory, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2012 Feb;23(1):11-6. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32834d9c52.
This review will discuss some relevant and novel studies on the relationship between sodium intake and cardiovascular structure and function, focusing on blood pressure independent effects of salt on the heart, arteries, and kidneys.
Several new reports clearly demonstrate the role of high dietary salt in mediating cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality including stroke, myocardial infarction, arterial stiffening, heart failure, and renal insufficiency. A number of recent studies also indicate that in addition to increased sodium intake, simultaneous decrease in potassium intake may aggravate adverse cardiovascular and renal manifestations.
It is now generally accepted that there is a direct positive correlation between dietary salt and arterial pressure. Thus, the beneficial effects of dietary salt reduction are, at least in part, due to a decrease in arterial pressure. Furthermore, the beneficial, pressure-independent effects of sodium restriction on the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys are being increasingly recognized, but not generally appreciated.
本综述将讨论钠摄入与心血管结构和功能之间关系的一些相关和新颖的研究，重点关注盐对心脏、动脉和肾脏的血压非依赖性影响。
一些新的报告清楚地表明，高膳食盐在介导心血管和肾脏发病率和死亡率方面起着重要作用，包括中风、心肌梗死、动脉僵硬、心力衰竭和肾功能不全。最近的一些研究还表明，除了钠摄入量增加之外，钾摄入量同时减少可能会加重不良的心血管和肾脏表现。
现在人们普遍认为，饮食中的盐与动脉压之间存在直接的正相关关系。因此，饮食中减少盐的摄入的有益效果至少部分归因于动脉压的降低。此外，人们越来越认识到钠限制对心脏、血管和肾脏的有益、血压非依赖性影响，但尚未得到普遍认可。
