Jiang Qingqing, You Qiqi, Lou Yiling, Wang Shiqi, Cao Shiyi
School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 4;9:781963. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.781963. eCollection 2022.
A healthy dietary habit is essential for preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We aimed to assess the adherence to the Chinese Food Pagoda (CFP) proposed in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2016 in the high-risk population of NCDs in central China.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in two large enterprises (totally 3,016 employees) from October to December 2019 in Hubei Province (central China). The high-risk population of NCDs was identified by physical examination, laboratory test and face-to-face questionnaire survey according to the issued by the Chinese government. We assessed the deviation of real diet from the CFP recommended diet in the high-risk population of NCDs.
A total of 821 participants aged 35-59 years old with at least one high-risk factor of NCDs were enrolled in our study. Of them, 53.8% were daily smokers, 49.6% had elevated blood cholesterol, 31.4% were centrally obese, 23.3% had high normal blood pressure, and 3.5% had impaired fasting glucose. Significant disparity was detected in the high-risk population of NCDs between real food consumption and the CFP's recommendation ( < 0.05), such as the deficient intake of nuts and milk and dairy products, and the over-consumption of cereals, meat and poultry, oil, and salt. Participants with impaired fasting glucose had the highest intake of cereals and vegetables on average. Participants with central obesity were more likely to consume meat and poultry ( < 0.05). The lowest average intake of eggs and the highest average intake of milk and dairy products were found in participants with high blood cholesterol ( < 0.05). The daily smokers were more likely to consume beans and nuts ( < 0.05). The lowest average intake of fruits and the highest average intake of tubers were found in participants with high normal blood pressure ( < 0.05).
Adherence to CFP in the high-risk population of NCDs appeared to be challenging. It is necessary to adopt dietary education campaign focusing on the high-risk population of NCDs to prevent or delay the occurrence of NCDs.
健康的饮食习惯对于预防非传染性疾病（NCDs）至关重要。我们旨在评估中国中部非传染性疾病高危人群对《中国居民膳食指南（2016）》中提出的中国居民平衡膳食宝塔（CFP）的依从性。
2019年10月至12月，在湖北省（中国中部）的两家大型企业（共3016名员工）中进行了一项横断面研究。根据中国政府发布的标准，通过体格检查、实验室检测和面对面问卷调查来确定非传染性疾病高危人群。我们评估了非传染性疾病高危人群实际饮食与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐饮食之间的差异。
共有821名年龄在35 - 59岁且至少有一项非传染性疾病高危因素的参与者纳入我们的研究。其中，53.8%为每日吸烟者，49.6%血胆固醇升高，31.4%为中心性肥胖，23.3%血压正常高值，3.5%空腹血糖受损。在非传染性疾病高危人群中，实际食物摄入量与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔的建议之间存在显著差异（<0.05），如坚果、奶类及奶制品摄入不足，谷类、畜禽肉、油和盐摄入过量。空腹血糖受损的参与者谷类和蔬菜平均摄入量最高。中心性肥胖的参与者更有可能食用畜禽肉（<0.05）。血胆固醇高的参与者鸡蛋平均摄入量最低，奶类及奶制品平均摄入量最高（<0.05）。每日吸烟者更有可能食用豆类和坚果（<0.05）。血压正常高值的参与者水果平均摄入量最低，薯类平均摄入量最高（<0.05）。
非传染性疾病高危人群对中国居民平衡膳食宝塔的依从性似乎具有挑战性。有必要针对非传染性疾病高危人群开展饮食教育活动，以预防或延缓非传染性疾病的发生。
