Center of Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 Nov 30;13(1):22-37. doi: 10.1038/nrn3138.
Mounting evidence suggests that acute and chronic stress, especially the stress-induced release of glucocorticoids, induces changes in glutamate neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, thereby influencing some aspects of cognitive processing. In addition, dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission is increasingly considered to be a core feature of stress-related mental illnesses. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms by which stress and glucocorticoids affect glutamate transmission, including effects on glutamate release, glutamate receptors and glutamate clearance and metabolism. This new understanding provides insights into normal brain functioning, as well as the pathophysiology and potential new treatments of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
越来越多的证据表明，急性和慢性压力，特别是压力引起的糖皮质激素释放，会导致前额叶皮层和海马体中谷氨酸能神经传递发生变化，从而影响认知加工的某些方面。此外，谷氨酸能神经传递功能障碍越来越被认为是与应激相关的精神疾病的核心特征。最近的研究揭示了应激和糖皮质激素影响谷氨酸传递的机制，包括对谷氨酸释放、谷氨酸受体以及谷氨酸清除和代谢的影响。这种新的认识为理解正常大脑功能以及应激相关神经精神疾病的病理生理学和潜在新疗法提供了思路。
