Ferrari Belinda C, Zhang Chengdong, van Dorst Josie
School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Front Microbiol. 2011 Nov 15;2:217. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00217. eCollection 2011.
Novel cultivation strategies for bacteria are widespread and well described for recovering greater diversity from the "hitherto" unculturable majority. While similar approaches have not yet been demonstrated for fungi it has been suggested that of the 1.5 million estimated species less than 5% have been recovered into pure culture. Fungi are known to be involved in many degradative processes, including the breakdown of petroleum hydrocarbons, and it has been speculated that in Polar Regions they contribute significantly to bioremediation of contaminated soils. Given the biotechnological potential of fungi there is a need to increase efforts for greater species recovery, particularly from extreme environments such as sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. In this study, like the yet-to-be cultured bacteria, high concentrations of nutrients selected for predominantly different fungal species to that recovered using a low nutrient media. By combining both media approaches to the cultivation of fungi from contaminated and non-contaminated soils, 91 fungal species were recovered, including 63 unidentified species. A preliminary biodegradation activity assay on a selection of isolates found that a high proportion of novel and described fungal species from a range of soil samples were capable of hydrocarbon degradation and should be characterized further.
用于细菌的新型培养策略广泛存在，并且对于从“迄今”无法培养的大多数细菌中恢复更高的多样性已有详尽描述。虽然尚未证明类似方法对真菌有效，但据推测，在估计的150万种真菌物种中，不到5%已被培养成纯培养物。已知真菌参与许多降解过程，包括石油烃的分解，并且据推测，在极地地区，它们对受污染土壤的生物修复有重大贡献。鉴于真菌的生物技术潜力，有必要加大力度以恢复更多物种，特别是从南极亚地区的麦夸里岛等极端环境中恢复物种。在本研究中，与尚未培养的细菌一样，高浓度营养物质选择出的主要是与使用低营养培养基培养出的真菌物种不同的真菌物种。通过将两种培养基方法结合用于从受污染和未受污染土壤中培养真菌，共获得了91种真菌，其中包括63种未鉴定的物种。对一系列分离物进行的初步生物降解活性测定发现，来自一系列土壤样品的高比例新发现真菌物种和已描述真菌物种都能够进行烃类降解，因此应进一步对其进行表征。
