Swann W B, Hixon J G, Stein-Seroussi A, Gilbert D T
Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin 78712.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Jul;59(1):17-26. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.59.1.17.
We propose that a preference for favorable social feedback (i.e., self-enhancement) requires only that feedback be characterized as favorable or unfavorable but that a preference for self-confirming feedback (i.e., self-verification) is based on a more elaborate set of cognitive operations that requires both the characterization of feedback and a subsequent comparison of that feedback to a representation of self stored in memory. Study 1 set the stage for testing this hypothesis by showing that depriving people of processing resources interfered with their tendency to access their self-conceptions. In Studies 2 and 3, participants who were deprived of resources preferred the favorable, self-enhancing evaluator, whereas control participants displayed a preference for the self-verifying evaluator, even if that evaluator was relatively unfavorable.
我们认为，对积极社会反馈（即自我提升）的偏好仅要求反馈被描述为积极或消极，而对自我确认反馈（即自我验证）的偏好则基于一套更复杂的认知操作，这既需要对反馈进行描述，还需要将该反馈与存储在记忆中的自我表征进行后续比较。研究1通过表明剥夺人们的加工资源会干扰他们获取自我概念的倾向，为检验这一假设奠定了基础。在研究2和研究3中，被剥夺资源的参与者更喜欢积极的、自我提升型的评价者，而对照组参与者则表现出对自我验证型评价者的偏好，即使该评价者相对消极。
