Department of Endodontics, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Int Endod J. 2012 May;45(5):419-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01992.x. Epub 2011 Dec 10.
To compare the changes in the surface structure and elemental distribution, as well as the percentage of ion release, of four calcium silicate-containing endodontic materials with a well-established epoxy resin-based sealer, submitted to a solubility test.
Solubility of AH Plus, iRoot SP, MTA Fillapex, Sealapex and MTA-Angelus (MTA-A) was tested according to ANSI/ADA Specification 57. The deionized water used in the solubility test was submitted to atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine and quantify Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+) and Pb(2+) ions release. In addition, the outer and inner surfaces of nonsubmitted and submitted samples of each material to the solubility test were analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way anova and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05).
Solubility results, in percentage, sorted in an increasing order were -1.24 ± 0.19 (MTA-A), 0.28 ± 0.08 (AH Plus), 5.65 ± 0.80 (Sealapex), 14.89 ± 0.73 (MTA Fillapex) and 20.64 ± 1.42 (iRoot SP). AH Plus and MTA-A were statistically similar (P > 0.05), but different from the other materials (P < 0.05). High levels of Ca(2+) ion release were observed in all groups except AH Plus sealer. MTA-A also had the highest release of Na(2+) and K(+) ions. Zn(+2) ion release was observed only with AH Plus and Sealapex sealers. After the solubility test, all surfaces had morphological changes. The loss of matrix was evident and the filler particles were more distinguishable. EDX analysis displayed high levels of calcium and carbon at the surface of Sealapex, MTA Fillapex and iRoot SP.
AH Plus and MTA-A were in accordance with ANSI/ADA's requirements regarding solubility whilst iRoot SP, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex did not fulfil ANSI/ADA's protocols. High levels of Ca(2+) ion release were observed in all materials except AH Plus. SEM/EDX analysis revealed that all samples had morphological changes in both outer and inner surfaces after the solubility test. High levels of calcium and carbon were also observed at the surface of all materials except AH Plus and MTA-A.
比较四种含硅钙的根管封闭材料与一种已确立的环氧树脂基密封剂在溶解度测试中的表面结构和元素分布变化，以及离子释放百分比的变化。
根据 ANSI/ADA 规范 57 测试了 AH Plus、iRoot SP、MTA Fillapex、Sealapex 和 MTA-Angelus（MTA-A）的溶解度。溶解度测试中使用的去离子水经过原子吸收分光光度法分析，以确定和量化 Ca(2+)、Na(+)、K(+)、Zn(2+)、Ni(2+)和 Pb(2+)离子的释放。此外，还通过扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱（SEM/EDX）分析了每种材料未提交和提交溶解度测试样品的内外表面。采用单因素方差分析和 Tukey 事后检验（α=0.05）进行统计学分析。
以百分比排序的溶解度结果依次为-1.24±0.19（MTA-A）、0.28±0.08（AH Plus）、5.65±0.80（Sealapex）、14.89±0.73（MTA Fillapex）和 20.64±1.42（iRoot SP）。AH Plus 和 MTA-A 统计学上相似（P>0.05），但与其他材料不同（P<0.05）。除了 AH Plus 密封剂外，所有组都观察到高水平的 Ca(2+)离子释放。MTA-A 还释放了最高水平的 Na(2+)和 K(+)离子。仅在 AH Plus 和 Sealapex 密封剂中观察到 Zn(+2)离子释放。溶解度测试后，所有表面都发生了形态变化。基质损失明显，填料颗粒更易分辨。EDX 分析显示，Sealapex、MTA Fillapex 和 iRoot SP 的表面含有高水平的钙和碳。
AH Plus 和 MTA-A 符合 ANSI/ADA 关于溶解度的要求，而 iRoot SP、MTA Fillapex 和 Sealapex 则不符合 ANSI/ADA 的方案。除了 AH Plus 外，所有材料均观察到高水平的 Ca(2+)离子释放。SEM/EDX 分析显示，溶解度测试后，所有样品的内外表面均发生形态变化。除了 AH Plus 和 MTA-A 外，所有材料的表面也观察到高水平的钙和碳。
