Uni Health, Uni Research, Christiesgate 12, 5015 Bergen, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Dec 9;11:911. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-911.
Studies on adolescent smoking indicate that the smoking behaviours of their parents, siblings and friends are significant micro-level predictors. Parents' socioeconomic status (SES) is an important macro-level predictor. We examined the longitudinal relationships between these predictors and the initiation and development of adolescents' smoking behaviour in Norway.
We employed data from The Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour Study (NLHB), in which participants were followed from the age of 13 to 30. We analysed data from the first 5 waves, covering the age span from 13 to 18, with latent curve modeling (LCM).
Smoking rates increased from 3% to 31% from age 13 to age 18. Participants' smoking was strongly associated with their best friends' smoking. Parental SES, parents' smoking and older siblings' smoking predicted adolescents' initial level of smoking. Furthermore, the same variables predicted the development of smoking behaviour from age 13 to 18. Parents' and siblings' smoking behaviours acted as mediators of parents' SES on the smoking habits of adolescents.
Parents' SES was significantly associated, directly and indirectly, with both smoking initiation and development. Parental and older siblings' smoking behaviours were positively associated with both initiation and development of smoking behaviour in adolescents. There were no significant gender differences in these associations.
青少年吸烟研究表明，父母、兄弟姐妹和朋友的吸烟行为是重要的微观层面预测因素。父母的社会经济地位（SES）是一个重要的宏观层面预测因素。我们检验了这些预测因素与挪威青少年吸烟行为的开始和发展之间的纵向关系。
我们利用了来自挪威纵向健康行为研究（NLHB）的数据，参与者从 13 岁到 30 岁被跟踪。我们使用潜在曲线模型（LCM）分析了涵盖 13 岁至 18 岁年龄范围的前 5 个波的数据。
吸烟率从 13 岁到 18 岁从 3%增加到 31%。参与者的吸烟与他们最好朋友的吸烟密切相关。父母的 SES、父母的吸烟和哥哥姐姐的吸烟预测了青少年最初的吸烟水平。此外，相同的变量预测了从 13 岁到 18 岁吸烟行为的发展。父母和兄弟姐妹的吸烟行为是父母 SES 对青少年吸烟习惯的直接和间接影响的中介因素。
父母 SES 与吸烟的开始和发展显著相关，直接和间接相关。父母和哥哥姐姐的吸烟行为与青少年吸烟行为的开始和发展均呈正相关。这些关联在性别上没有显著差异。
