南非药用植物治疗胃病的药理、遗传毒性和植物化学特性研究
Pharmacological, genotoxic and phytochemical properties of selected South African medicinal plants used in treating stomach-related ailments.
机构信息
Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa.
出版信息
J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Feb 15;139(3):712-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.034. Epub 2011 Dec 3.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The evaluated medicinal plants are used in South African traditional medicine in treating stomach-related ailments.
AIMS OF THE STUDY
The study aimed at evaluating the pharmacological, genotoxic and phytochemical properties of the seven selected medicinal plants used for treating stomach-related ailments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ethyl acetate (EtOAc), ethanol (EtOH) 70% and water extracts of the selected plant parts were evaluated for their antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities using microdilution assays. Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) and Candida albicans were used for antimicrobial assays. Caenorhabditis elegans was used for the anthelmintic assay. Plant extracts were also assayed for their cyclooxygenase-inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 enzymes. The Ames test was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of the plant extracts. A spectrophotometric method was used to determine the total phenolics, gallotannins, flavonoids and saponins.
RESULTS
Twelve extracts exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) <1 mg/mL against the bacterial test strains, and five extracts exhibited MIC <1 mg/mL against Candida albicans. The EtOAc extract of Tetradenia riparia had the best minimum lethal concentration (MLC) value (0.004 mg/mL) against Caenorhabditis elegans. All the EtOAc extracts exhibited percentage inhibition in the range of 50.7-94.7% against COX-1 and -2 enzymes at 250 μg/mL. All the plant extracts were non-mutagenic towards Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA1537 without metabolic activation. Phytochemical analysis revealed relatively high amounts of total phenolics, gallotannins and flavonoids in the evaluated plant extracts.
CONCLUSIONS
The general pharmacological activities exhibited by some of the plant extracts in this study support the traditional uses of the selected plants in treating stomach-related ailments. The Ames test showed that all the plant extracts were non-mutagenic but cytotoxicity tests are needed to ascertain the safety for long-term consumption.
民族药理学相关性
评估的药用植物用于南非传统医学中治疗与胃相关的疾病。
研究目的
本研究旨在评估用于治疗与胃相关疾病的七种药用植物的药理学、遗传毒性和植物化学特性。
材料和方法
使用微量稀释测定法评估所选植物部分的乙酸乙酯（EtOAc）、乙醇（EtOH）70%和水提取物的抗菌和驱虫活性。使用革兰氏阳性菌（粪肠球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）、革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）和白色念珠菌进行抗菌测定。秀丽隐杆线虫用于驱虫测定。还测定了植物提取物对环氧化酶-1 和 -2 酶的环氧化酶抑制活性。使用 Ames 试验评估植物提取物的遗传毒性。分光光度法用于测定总酚类、鞣花单宁、类黄酮和皂苷。
结果
十二种提取物对细菌测试菌株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）<1mg/mL，五种提取物对白色念珠菌的 MIC<1mg/mL。Tetradenia riparia 的 EtOAc 提取物对秀丽隐杆线虫具有最佳的最小致死浓度（MLC）值（0.004mg/mL）。所有 EtOAc 提取物在 250μg/mL 时对 COX-1 和 -2 酶的抑制率在 50.7-94.7%范围内。所有植物提取物在不加代谢激活的情况下对沙门氏菌 typhimurium 测试菌株 TA98、TA100 和 TA1537 均无致突变性。植物化学分析显示，评价的植物提取物中总酚类、鞣花单宁和类黄酮含量较高。
结论
本研究中一些植物提取物表现出的一般药理学活性支持所选植物用于治疗与胃相关疾病的传统用途。Ames 试验表明，所有植物提取物均无致突变性，但需要进行细胞毒性试验以确定长期食用的安全性。
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