Emory University School of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Hypertens Res. 2012 Mar;35(3):251-60. doi: 10.1038/hr.2011.210. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
A gender-specific approach to cardiovascular (CV) diseases has been practiced for decades, although not always to the advantage of women. Based on population data showing that women are at lower risk for CV events than men female gender has generally been regarded as a protective factor for CV disease. Unfortunately, CV risk assessment has therefore received less attention in women. Despite the lower absolute risk of CV events in women compared with age-matched men, the majority of women die from CV diseases. In absolute numbers, since 1984, more women than men died of CV disease each year. Most CV events occur in women with known traditional CV risk factors. Improving risk factor management in women of all ages therefore yields an enormous potential to reduce CV morbidity and mortality in the population. Aside from smoking cessation, hypertension (HTN) control is the single most important intervention to reduce the risk of future CV events in women. This review highlights peculiarities of HTN as they pertain to women, and points out where diagnosis and management of HTN may require a gender-specific focus.
几十年来，心血管疾病（CV）的性别特异性治疗方法已经得到实践，尽管并不总是对女性有利。基于人群数据表明，女性发生 CV 事件的风险低于男性，女性性别通常被视为 CV 疾病的保护因素。不幸的是，CV 风险评估因此在女性中受到较少关注。尽管与年龄匹配的男性相比，女性发生 CV 事件的绝对风险较低，但大多数女性死于 CV 疾病。从绝对值来看，自 1984 年以来，每年死于 CV 疾病的女性多于男性。大多数 CV 事件发生在有已知传统 CV 危险因素的女性中。因此，改善所有年龄段女性的危险因素管理将极大地降低人群中 CV 的发病率和死亡率。除了戒烟，控制高血压（HTN）是降低女性未来 CV 事件风险的唯一最重要的干预措施。这篇综述强调了与女性相关的 HTN 的特殊性，并指出了 HTN 的诊断和管理可能需要关注性别特异性的地方。
