Kim Mi-Young, Kim Kyeongjin, Hong Chang Hyung, Lee Sang Yoon, Jung Yi-Sook
College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2018 Nov 1;26(6):521-532. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.159.
Dementia, characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and a cumulative inability to behave independently, is highly associated with other diseases. Various cardiovascular disorders, such as coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation, are well-known risk factors for dementia. Currently, increasing evidence suggests that sex factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases, including cardiovascular disease and dementia. Recent studies show that nearly two-thirds of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease are women; however, the incidence difference between men and women remains vague. Therefore, studies are needed to investigate sex-specific differences, which can help understand the pathophysiology of dementia and identify potential therapeutic targets for both sexes. In the present review, we summarize sex differences in the prevalence and incidence of dementia by subtypes. This review also describes sex differences in the risk factors of dementia and examines the impact of risk factors on the incidence of dementia in both sexes.
痴呆症的特征是认知功能逐渐衰退以及逐渐丧失独立行为能力，它与其他疾病高度相关。各种心血管疾病，如冠状动脉疾病和心房颤动，都是众所周知的痴呆症风险因素。目前，越来越多的证据表明，性别因素可能在包括心血管疾病和痴呆症在内的疾病发病机制中发挥重要作用。最近的研究表明，近三分之二被诊断患有阿尔茨海默病的患者是女性；然而，男性和女性之间的发病率差异仍然不明确。因此，需要进行研究来调查性别特异性差异，这有助于理解痴呆症的病理生理学并确定针对两性的潜在治疗靶点。在本综述中，我们按亚型总结了痴呆症患病率和发病率的性别差异。本综述还描述了痴呆症风险因素中的性别差异，并研究了风险因素对两性痴呆症发病率的影响。
