Ferreira Paulo Michel P, Costa-Lotufo Leticia V, Moraes Manoel O, Barros Francisco W A, Martins Aline M A, Cavalheiro Alberto J, Bolzani Vanderlan S, Santos Andre G, Pessoa Claudia
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Picos, Brasil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2011 Dec;83(4):1373-84. doi: 10.1590/s0001-37652011005000040. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
Folk uses and scientific investigations have highlighted the importance of Casearia sylvestris extracts and their relevant bioactive potential. The aim of this work was to review the pharmacological properties of C. sylvestris, emphasizing its anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ophidian and antitumor potentialities. Ethanolic extracts and essential oil of their leaves have antiulcerogenic activity and reduce gastric volume without altering the stomach pH, which corroborates their consumption on gastrointestinal disorders. Leaf water extracts show phospholipase A(2) inhibitory activity that prevents damage effects on the muscular tissue after toxin inoculation. This antiphospholipasic action is probably related to the use as an anti-inflammatory, proposing a pharmacological blockage similar to that obtained with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase pathways. Bioguided-assay fractionations lead to the identification of secondary metabolites, especially the clerodane diterpenes casearins (A-X) and casearvestrins (A-C), compounds with a remarkable cytotoxic and antitumor action. Therefore, the C. sylvestris shrub holds a known worldwide pharmacological arsenal by its extensive folk utilization, exciting searches for new molecules and a better comprehension about biological properties.
民间应用和科学研究都凸显了山林桤木提取物及其相关生物活性潜力的重要性。这项工作的目的是综述山林桤木的药理特性，重点强调其抗溃疡、抗炎、抗蛇毒和抗肿瘤潜力。其叶子的乙醇提取物和精油具有抗溃疡活性，可减少胃容积而不改变胃的pH值，这证实了它们对胃肠道疾病的疗效。叶水提取物显示出磷脂酶A(2)抑制活性，可防止毒素接种后对肌肉组织的损伤作用。这种抗磷脂酶作用可能与用作抗炎药有关，提出了一种类似于非甾体抗炎药在花生四烯酸和环氧化酶途径上获得的药理阻断作用。生物导向分析分馏导致鉴定出次生代谢产物，特别是克罗烷二萜类化合物桤木素（A - X）和桤木采素（A - C），这些化合物具有显著的细胞毒性和抗肿瘤作用。因此，山林桤木灌木因其广泛的民间应用而拥有一个全球已知的药理宝库，激发了对新分子的探索以及对其生物学特性的更好理解。
