Abreu Mery Natali Silva, Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira
Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2011 Jul;30(1):22-30.
To estimate the prevalence of smoking among Brazilian youth, examining individual, family, and social group factors associated with this habit.
Data from youth aged 15 to 24 years living in 17 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District, obtained from the Household Survey on Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases and Reported Morbidity carried out in 2002 and 2003 by the National Cancer Institute was analyzed. Individual variables (sex, age, schooling, alcohol consumption, self-rated health, physical activity, current school attendance), family variables (age and education of head of household and father, mother, or sibling smoking), and social group variables (best friend smoking, most friends smoking, boyfriend/girlfriend smoking) were analyzed. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach to evaluate the factors associated with smoking were used.
Considering the effect of the sampling design, smoking prevalence was 12.8%, ranging from 6.8% in Aracaju to 24.1% in Porto Alegre. The following factors were predictors of smoking: male sex, older age, less schooling, not attending school at the time of the survey, poorer health perception, and alcohol consumption. Peer smoking (friends or boyfriend/girlfriend) and smoking among family members (father/mother or sibling) were associated with smoking. There was an effect of parental birth cohort on smoking, with a higher prevalence of smoking among youth whose parents were born in the 1930s.
Individual characteristics and the influence of peers and family were relevant for smoking by the youth. Increasing the dialogue among teenagers, school, schoolmates, friends, and parents could lead to a reduction of substance use among youth.
评估巴西青少年吸烟率，研究与该习惯相关的个人、家庭和社会群体因素。
分析了来自巴西17个州首府和联邦区15至24岁青少年的数据，这些数据取自2002年和2003年由国家癌症研究所开展的慢性病危险因素和报告发病率家庭调查。分析了个人变量（性别、年龄、受教育程度、饮酒情况、自我健康评价、体育活动、当前是否在校）、家庭变量（户主年龄和教育程度以及父亲、母亲或兄弟姐妹是否吸烟）和社会群体变量（最好的朋友是否吸烟、大多数朋友是否吸烟、男朋友/女朋友是否吸烟）。采用广义估计方程（GEE）方法评估与吸烟相关的因素。
考虑到抽样设计的影响，吸烟率为12.8%，从阿拉卡茹的6.8%到阿雷格里港的24.1%不等。以下因素是吸烟的预测因素：男性、年龄较大、受教育程度较低、调查时未在校、健康认知较差以及饮酒。同伴吸烟（朋友或男朋友/女朋友）和家庭成员（父亲/母亲或兄弟姐妹）吸烟与吸烟有关。父母出生队列对吸烟有影响，父母出生于20世纪30年代的青少年吸烟率较高。
个人特征以及同伴和家庭的影响与青少年吸烟有关。加强青少年、学校、同学、朋友和父母之间的对话可能会减少青少年的物质使用。
