Claudino Luana Maria Oliveira, Abreu Mery Natali Silva
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2014 Jan-Mar;12(1):90-5. doi: 10.1590/s1679-45082014gs2899.
To estimate the smoking cessation rate and to identify possible associated factors.
Individuals from the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MG) aged 15 years or more who responded to the smoking supplement of the National Household Sample Survey were selected (n=1,297). An estimate was made of the tobacco-use cessation rate relative to the 95% confidence interval. To verify factors associated with smoking cessation, Pearson's χ2 test or Student's t test were used.
The general smoking cessation rate was 56.7% (95% confidence interval: 52.3-61.1), with 57.7% among men and 55.5% among women. The associated factors were higher age and income. Among the 19 individuals who had stopped smoking for less than 12 months, 52.6% had been seen by a physician or healthcare professional in the previous 12 months, and 60% of them were oriented to stop smoking, but only 1 (16.7%) had been oriented at a unit of the public national Unified Healthcare System.
Despite high rates of smoking cessation, the methods made available by the Unified Healthcare System did not show good results. It is necessary to enhance the healthcare programs that aim to reduce the proportion of smokers in the population. Such measures can have a positive long-term influence in droping mortality and morbidity rates associated with smoking and the costs for healthcare services.
评估戒烟率并确定可能的相关因素。
选取贝洛奥里藏特市（米纳斯吉拉斯州）大都市区15岁及以上且对全国家庭抽样调查吸烟补充问卷做出回应的个体（n = 1297）。对相对于95%置信区间的烟草使用戒烟率进行了估计。为验证与戒烟相关的因素，使用了Pearson卡方检验或学生t检验。
总体戒烟率为56.7%（95%置信区间：52.3 - 61.1），男性为57.7%，女性为55.5%。相关因素为年龄较大和收入较高。在19名戒烟不到12个月的个体中，52.6%在过去12个月内看过医生或医疗保健专业人员，其中60%接受了戒烟指导，但只有1人（16.7%）是在国家公共统一医疗系统的单位接受的指导。
尽管戒烟率较高，但统一医疗系统提供的方法效果不佳。有必要加强旨在降低人群中吸烟者比例的医疗保健项目。此类措施可对降低与吸烟相关的死亡率和发病率以及医疗服务成本产生积极的长期影响。
