Poulsen Nautrup B
EAH-Consulting, Heimbacher Straße 19, 52428 Jülich, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2011 Dec;50(12):1573-7. doi: 10.1007/s00120-011-2731-3.
The QALY (quality-adjusted life year) is often used in pharmacoeconomic evaluations. It combines the two dimensions 'quality of life' and 'life expectancy' into one index. Quality of life is expressed as a utility, corresponding to a value between 0 (death) and 1 (perfect health). Life expectancy is then multiplied by the utility corresponding to the quality of life of the respective life time. Accordingly, 1 QALY corresponds to 1 year in perfect health (1 year multiplied by utility 1) or 2 years with a quality of life reduced by 50% (2 years multiplied by utility 0.5). Results of pharmacoeconomic evaluations are often reported as additional costs in relation to the added value of a new treatment, expressed as cost per additional QALY gained for the patient with the new therapeutic intervention. The main advantage of the QALY concept is its validity for all patients and indications. And the use of benefit measures which are not restricted to a specific indication is most important for resource allocation, i.e. to avoid that varying amounts of money are paid for the same health benefit in different disease areas.
质量调整生命年（QALY）常用于药物经济学评估。它将“生活质量”和“预期寿命”这两个维度整合为一个指标。生活质量用效用表示，对应于0（死亡）到1（完美健康）之间的值。然后，预期寿命乘以相应生命时段生活质量对应的效用。因此，1个QALY相当于1年的完美健康（1年乘以效用1）或2年生活质量降低50%的情况（2年乘以效用0.5）。药物经济学评估结果通常报告为与新治疗附加值相关的额外成本，以新治疗干预为患者获得的每增加1个QALY的成本来表示。QALY概念的主要优点是其对所有患者和适应症都有效。并且使用不限于特定适应症的效益衡量指标对于资源分配最为重要，即避免在不同疾病领域为相同的健康效益支付不同数量的资金。
