Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Friedensau Adventist University, Friedensau, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2012 Oct;85(7):819-28. doi: 10.1007/s00420-011-0725-5. Epub 2011 Dec 11.
This study examined job satisfaction and job stress of German compared to Norwegian physicians in private practice.
A representative sample of physicians in private practice of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (N = 414) and a nationwide sample of Norwegian general practitioners and private practice specialists (N = 340) were surveyed in a cross-sectional design in 2010. The questionnaire comprised the standard instruments "Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS)" and a short form of the "Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI)".
Norwegian physicians scored significantly higher (<0.01) on all items of the job satisfaction scale compared to German physicians (M 5.57, SD 0.74 vs. M 4.78, SD 1.01). The effect size was highest for the items freedom to choose method (d = 1.012), rate of pay (d = 0.941), and overall job satisfaction (d = 0.931). While there was no significant difference in the mean of the overall effort scale between German and Norwegian physicians, Norwegian physicians scored significantly higher (p < 0.01) on the reward scale. A larger proportion of German physicians (27.6%) presented with an effort/reward ratio beyond 1.0, indicating a risky level of work-related stress, compared to only 10.3% of Norwegian physicians. Working hours, effort, reward, and country differences accounted for 37.4% of the explained variance of job satisfaction.
Job satisfaction and reward were significantly higher in Norwegian than in German physicians. An almost threefold higher proportion of German physicians exhibited a high level of work-related stress. Findings call for active prevention and health promotion among stressed practicing physicians, with a special focus on improved working conditions.
本研究考察了德国和挪威私人执业医生的工作满意度和工作压力。
2010 年，采用横断面设计，对德国石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州的私人执业医生（n=414）和挪威的普通医生和私人执业专家的全国性样本（n=340）进行了调查。问卷包括标准工具“工作满意度量表（JSS）”和“努力-回报失衡问卷（ERI）”的简短形式。
与德国医生相比，挪威医生在工作满意度量表的所有项目上的得分都显著更高（<0.01）（M 5.57，SD 0.74 与 M 4.78，SD 1.01）。在选择方法的自由度（d=1.012）、薪酬率（d=0.941）和整体工作满意度（d=0.931）等项目上的效应量最大。尽管德国和挪威医生在总体努力量表上的平均值没有显著差异，但挪威医生在奖励量表上的得分显著更高（p<0.01）。与挪威医生（仅 10.3%）相比，更多的德国医生（27.6%）的努力/回报比超过 1.0，表明他们面临着较高的与工作相关的压力。工作时间、努力、回报和国家差异解释了工作满意度变异的 37.4%。
挪威医生的工作满意度和回报明显高于德国医生。有近三倍比例的德国医生表现出较高水平的与工作相关的压力。这些发现呼吁对处于压力下的执业医生进行积极的预防和健康促进，特别关注改善工作条件。
