Hassen Abrahim, Godesso Ameyu, Abebe Lakew, Girma Eshetu
Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
BMC Res Notes. 2011 Dec 13;4:535. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-535.
Due to its perception as a disease of development, road traffic accident and related injuries tend to be under recognized as a major health problem in developing countries. However, majority of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low income and middle income countries. Since the main cause of road traffic accident is attributed to human risky behaviors, it is important to identify significant factors for risky behaviors of drivers.
A quantitative cross-sectional study with a sample size of 350 drivers was conducted in April 2011. The study was conducted among Taxi, Bajaj (three tire vehicles) and private owned car drivers. After proportion to size allocation for Taxi (75), Baja (103) and private owned car (172) drivers, we used systematic random sampling method to identify illegible study subjects. Data was collected with face to face interview using a pretested questioner. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using SPSS version 16.
The mean age of the respondents was 28.7 (SD 9.9). Majority were 339 (96.9%) males. Significant number of the study subjects 233 (66.6%) had risky driving behaviors. More than a quarter 100 (28.6%) had less knowledge about basic traffic signs. Majority of drivers 181 (51.7%) had negative attitude towards risky driving behaviors. Significant percent of them 148 (42.3%) had a habit of using mobile phone while driving vehicle and 28 (9.7%) had experience of driving after drinking alcohol. All the Bajaj, 97(62.6%) house car and 58(37.4%) taxi unfasten their seat belt while driving. Majority 303 (86.6%) followed the recommended speed limit of driving. About 66 (18.9%) of them had experience of punishment or warning by traffic polices in the previous 1 year and 77 (22%) ever had car accident while driving.
Drivers of secondary education and with high average monthly income were more likely to have risky driving behavior. Having supportive attitude towards risky driving behaviors and not getting advice about risky driving from significant others increases the likelihood of developing risky driving behavior. Interventions targeted at developing negative attitude towards risky driving behaviors on drivers and significant others should be implemented to bring positive behavior change. The interventions need to be segmented with educational status and income.
由于道路交通事故及相关伤害被视为一种发展过程中的疾病，在发展中国家，它们往往未被充分认识到是一个主要的健康问题。然而，全球道路上的大多数死亡事故发生在低收入和中等收入国家。由于道路交通事故的主要原因可归因于人类的危险行为，因此识别驾驶员危险行为的重要因素非常重要。
2011年4月进行了一项样本量为350名驾驶员的定量横断面研究。该研究在出租车、三轮摩托车（三轮车辆）和私家车驾驶员中开展。在按比例分配出租车驾驶员（75名）、三轮摩托车驾驶员（103名）和私家车驾驶员（172名）后，我们采用系统随机抽样方法确定符合条件的研究对象。使用经过预测试的问卷通过面对面访谈收集数据。使用SPSS 16版进行单变量、双变量和多变量分析。
受访者的平均年龄为28.7岁（标准差9.9）。大多数是339名（96.9%）男性。相当数量的研究对象233名（66.6%）有危险驾驶行为。超过四分之一的100名（28.6%）对基本交通标志了解较少。大多数驾驶员181名（51.7%）对危险驾驶行为持消极态度。其中相当比例的148名（42.3%）有开车时使用手机的习惯，28名（9.7%）有酒后驾车经历。所有三轮摩托车驾驶员、97名（62.6%）家用汽车驾驶员和58名（37.4%）出租车驾驶员开车时不系安全带。大多数303名（86.6%）遵守推荐的驾驶速度限制。其中约66名（18.9%）在过去1年中有过被交警处罚或警告的经历，77名（22%）开车时曾发生过车祸。
受过中等教育且月平均收入较高的驾驶员更有可能有危险驾驶行为。对危险驾驶行为持支持态度且未从重要他人处获得关于危险驾驶的建议会增加形成危险驾驶行为的可能性。应实施针对驾驶员和重要他人对危险驾驶行为形成消极态度的干预措施，以带来积极的行为改变。这些干预措施需要根据教育程度和收入进行细分。
