People and Nature Consulting International, Kerobokan, Bali, Indonesia.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Feb;1249:29-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06288.x. Epub 2011 Dec 16.
Orangutan survival is threatened by habitat loss and illegal killing. Most wild populations will disappear over the next few decades unless threats are abated. Saving orangutans is ultimately in the hands of the governments and people of Indonesia and Malaysia, which need to ensure that habitats of viable orangutan populations are protected from deforestation and well managed to ensure no hunting takes place. Companies working in orangutan habitat also have to play a much bigger role in habitat management. Although the major problems and the direct actions required to solve them-reducing forest loss and hunting-have been known for decades, orangutan populations continue to decline. Orangutan populations in Sumatra and Borneo have declined by between 2,280 and 5,250 orangutans annually over the past 25 years. As the total current population for the two species is some 60,000 animals in an area of about 90,000 km(2) , there is not much time left to make conservation efforts truly effective. Our review discusses what has and has not worked in conservation to guide future conservation efforts.
猩猩的生存受到栖息地丧失和非法捕杀的威胁。除非威胁得到缓解，否则大多数野生种群将在未来几十年内消失。拯救猩猩最终取决于印度尼西亚和马来西亚的政府和人民，他们需要确保可行的猩猩种群的栖息地不受森林砍伐的保护，并进行良好的管理，以确保没有狩猎活动发生。在猩猩栖息地工作的公司也必须在栖息地管理方面发挥更大的作用。尽管几十年来，人们已经知道了主要的问题和解决这些问题所需的直接行动——减少森林砍伐和狩猎——但猩猩的数量仍在继续下降。在过去的 25 年里，苏门答腊和婆罗洲的猩猩种群每年减少了 2280 到 5250 只。由于这两个物种的现有总数约为 6 万只，分布在大约 9 万平方公里的区域内，因此留给我们采取真正有效的保护措施的时间已经不多了。我们的综述讨论了在保护方面哪些措施有效，哪些措施无效，以指导未来的保护工作。
