Santika Truly, Sherman Julie, Voigt Maria, Ancrenaz Marc, Wich Serge A, Wilson Kerrie A, Possingham Hugh, Massingham Emily, Seaman Dave J I, Ashbury Alison M, Azvi Taufiq S, Banes Graham L, Barrow Elizabeth J, Burslem David F R P, Delgado Robert A, Erman Andi, Fredriksson Gabriella, Goossens Benoit, Houghton Max, Indrawan Tito P, Jaya Ricko L, Kanamori Tomoko, Knott Cheryl D, Leiman Ashley, Liswanto Darmawan, Mach Martin, Marshall Andrew J, Martin Julien G A, Midora Lelyana, Miller Adam, Milne Sol, Morgans Courtney, Nardiyono Nardi, Perwitasari-Farajallah Dyah, Priatna Dolly, Risch Robert, Riyadi Galuh M, Russon Anne, Sembiring Juhardi, Setiawan Endro, Sidiq Mohammad, Simon Donna, Spehar Stephanie, Struebig Matthew J, Sumardi Ibrahim, Tjiu Albertus, Wahyudi Rizki, Yanuar Achmad, Meijaard Erik
Natural Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK.
Wildlife Impact, P.O. Box 31062, Portland, OR 97231, USA.
Curr Biol. 2022 Apr 25;32(8):1754-1763.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.051. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
Conservation strategies are rarely systematically evaluated, which reduces transparency, hinders the cost-effective deployment of resources, and hides what works best in different contexts. Using data on the iconic and critically endangered orangutan (Pongo spp.), we developed a novel spatiotemporal framework for evaluating conservation investments. We show that around USD 1 billion was invested between 2000 and 2019 into orangutan conservation by governments, nongovernmental organizations, companies, and communities. Broken down by allocation to different conservation strategies, we find that habitat protection, patrolling, and public outreach had the greatest return on investment for maintaining orangutan populations. Given the variability in threats, land-use opportunity costs, and baseline remunerations in different regions, there were differential benefits per dollar invested across conservation activities and regions. We show that although challenging from a data and analysis perspective, it is possible to fully understand the relationships between conservation investments and outcomes and the external factors that influence these outcomes. Such analyses can provide improved guidance toward a more effective biodiversity conservation. Insights into the spatiotemporal interplays between the costs and benefits driving effectiveness can inform decisions about the most suitable orangutan conservation strategies for halting population declines. Although our study focuses on the three extant orangutan species of Sumatra and Borneo, our findings have broad application for evidence-based conservation science and practice worldwide.
保护策略很少得到系统评估，这降低了透明度，阻碍了资源的成本效益部署，并掩盖了在不同情况下最有效的做法。利用标志性且极度濒危的猩猩（猩猩属）的数据，我们开发了一个评估保护投资的新颖时空框架。我们发现，2000年至2019年间，政府、非政府组织、公司和社区在猩猩保护方面投资了约10亿美元。按不同保护策略的分配细分，我们发现栖息地保护、巡逻和公众宣传在维持猩猩种群方面的投资回报率最高。鉴于不同地区威胁、土地利用机会成本和基线报酬的差异，不同保护活动和地区的每美元投资产生的效益也有所不同。我们表明，尽管从数据和分析角度来看具有挑战性，但完全有可能理解保护投资与成果之间的关系以及影响这些成果的外部因素。此类分析可为更有效的生物多样性保护提供更好的指导。对推动有效性的成本与效益之间时空相互作用的洞察，可为决定最适合阻止猩猩种群数量下降的保护策略提供参考。尽管我们的研究聚焦于苏门答腊和婆罗洲现存的三种猩猩，但我们的发现对全球基于证据的保护科学与实践具有广泛应用价值。
