Martinac Boris
Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2011;28(6):1051-60. doi: 10.1159/000335842. Epub 2011 Dec 16.
Research on bacterial mechanosensitive (MS) channels has since their discovery been at the forefront of the MS channel field due to extensive studies of the structure and function of MscL and MscS, two of the several different types of MS channels found in bacteria. Just a few years after these two MS channels were cloned their 3D structure was solved by X-ray crystallography. Today, the repertoire of multidisciplinary approaches used in experimental and theoretical studies following the cloning and crystallographic determination of the MscL and MscS structure has expanded by including electronparamagnetic resonance (EPR) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy aided by computational modelling employing molecular dynamics as well as Brownian dynamics simulations, which significantly advanced the understanding of structural determinants of the gating and conduction properties of these two MS channels. These extensive multidisciplinary studies of MscL and MscS have greatly contributed to elucidation of the basic physical principles of MS channel gating by mechanical force. This review summarizes briefly the major experimental and conceptual advancements, which helped in establishing MscL and MscS as a major paradigm of mechanosensory transduction in living cells.
自从发现细菌机械敏感（MS）通道以来，对其研究一直处于MS通道领域的前沿，这是因为对细菌中发现的几种不同类型MS通道中的两种——MscL和MscS的结构和功能进行了广泛研究。在这两种MS通道被克隆后仅仅几年，它们的三维结构就通过X射线晶体学得以解析。如今，在MscL和MscS结构的克隆和晶体学测定之后，实验和理论研究中使用的多学科方法的范围已经扩大，包括借助采用分子动力学以及布朗动力学模拟的计算建模的电子顺磁共振（EPR）和Förster共振能量转移（FRET）光谱学，这显著推进了对这两种MS通道门控和传导特性的结构决定因素的理解。对MscL和MscS的这些广泛的多学科研究极大地促进了通过机械力阐明MS通道门控的基本物理原理。本综述简要总结了主要的实验和概念进展，这些进展有助于将MscL和MscS确立为活细胞中机械感觉转导的主要范例。
