Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2012 Jan;21(1):1-3. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2011.3263. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
The Division of Violence Prevention within CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control recently undertook a systematic review of primary prevention strategies for sexual violence (SV) perpetration. This review identified the lack of community-level strategies to prevent SV as a critical gap in the literature. Community-level strategies function by modifying the characteristics of settings (e.g., schools, workplaces, neighborhoods) that increase the risk for violence victimization and perpetration. Identification of evidence-based strategies at the community level would allow implementation of ecologic approaches to SV prevention with a greater potential for reducing the prevalence of SV perpetration. The field will face several challenges in identifying and evaluating the effectiveness of promising community-level strategies to prevent SV. These challenges include limited knowledge of community-level and societal-level risk factors for SV, a lack of theoretical or empirical guidance in the SV literature for identification of promising community-level approaches, and challenges in evaluating SV outcomes at the community level. Recognition of these challenges should guide future research and foster dialogue within the SV prevention field. The development and evaluation of community-level approaches to SV prevention represent a vital and logical next step toward the implementation of effective, multilevel prevention efforts and a population-level reduction in the prevalence of SV.
美国疾病控制与预防中心国家伤害预防与控制中心的暴力预防司最近对性暴力（SV）犯罪的一级预防策略进行了系统评价。该综述发现，缺乏针对 SV 的社区一级策略，这是文献中的一个重大空白。社区一级的策略通过改变增加暴力受害和犯罪风险的环境特征（例如学校、工作场所、社区）来发挥作用。确定社区一级的循证策略将允许采用生态方法预防 SV，从而更有潜力降低 SV 犯罪的流行率。在确定和评估有前途的社区一级预防 SV 策略的有效性方面，该领域将面临一些挑战。这些挑战包括对 SV 的社区一级和社会一级风险因素知之甚少，SV 文献中缺乏用于确定有前途的社区一级方法的理论或经验指导，以及在社区一级评估 SV 结果的挑战。认识到这些挑战应指导未来的研究，并促进 SV 预防领域内的对话。制定和评估社区一级的 SV 预防方法是朝着实施有效、多层次的预防工作以及降低 SV 流行率的方向迈出的重要而合乎逻辑的下一步。
