World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Vaccine. 2011 Dec 30;29 Suppl 4:D131-4. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.043. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
Logistics, defined as "the time-related positioning of resources" was critical to the implementation of the smallpox eradication strategy of surveillance and containment. Logistical challenges in the smallpox programme included vaccine delivery, supplies, staffing, vehicle maintenance, and financing. Ensuring mobility was essential as health workers had to travel to outbreaks to contain them. Three examples illustrate a range of logistic challenges which required imagination and innovation. Standard price lists were developed to expedite vehicle maintenance and repair in Bihar, India. Innovative staffing ensured an adequate infrastructure for vehicle maintenance in Bangladesh. The use of disaster relief mechanisms in Somalia provided airlifts, vehicles and funding within 27 days of their initiation. In contrast the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) faces more complex logistical challenges.
物流，定义为“资源的相关时间定位”，对于实施天花根除战略的监测和遏制至关重要。天花规划中的物流挑战包括疫苗接种、供应、人员配备、车辆维护和融资。确保机动性至关重要，因为卫生工作者必须前往疫情爆发地加以控制。有三个例子说明了需要想象力和创新精神的一系列物流挑战。在印度比哈尔邦，制定了标准价格清单以加快车辆维修和保养。创新的人员配备确保了孟加拉国车辆维修的基础设施充足。在索马里，利用救灾机制，在启动后 27 天内提供了空运、车辆和资金。相比之下，扩大免疫规划（EPI）面临更复杂的物流挑战。
