Swiss Federal Institute of Sports Magglingen, Magglingen, Switzerland.
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Dec;26(12):3418-25. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318245bebe.
The purpose of this study was to implement an outdoor circuit training program as an addition to standard training and to examine its effects on physical fitness and injury incidence rate in Swiss Army recruits. An intervention group (standard and additional training, n = 134, 21.0 ± 1.1 years, 74.1 ± 10.0 kg, and 1.78 ± 0.1 m) and a control group (standard training only, n = 125, 20.4 ± 1.2 years, 73.3 ± 9.1 kg, and 1.78 ± 0.1 m) from the same fusilier infantry training school were compared. Physical standard training in the Swiss Army is specified to consist of 2 sessions with a total duration of at least 3 h·wk(-1). Groups of 20-50 recruits undergo these trainings in a gymnasium hall and outdoors. Standard training includes a wide range of exercises and sport activities (strength and aerobic fitness training, team sports, obstacle courses, physical fitness tests, and orienteering). The additional circuit fitness training program implemented in this study was conducted once a week for 60 minutes. It was performed outdoors and consisted of the same exercises every week (warm-up, squats, prone bridge, back and shoulder exercise, stair climbing, side bridge, single leg balance, walking on a balance beam, intermitted running, and active recovery). Volunteers' physical fitness was assessed during the first and last weeks of basic military training (7 weeks) using a standing long jump, seated 2-kg shot put, 1-leg standing test (OLS), trunk muscle strength test (TMS), and progressive endurance run (PER). Injury data were collected in medical records for the 21 weeks of military training school. The intervention group performed 1.0 session of standard training for 70.0 minutes and 1.0 session of additional outdoor circuit training for 50.0 min·wk(-1). The control group performed 1.3 sessions of standard training for a total of 70.7 min·wk(-1). After the 7-week basic military training, the intervention and the control groups showed significant improvements in OLS (35.63 and 9.79%), TMS (29.84 and 11.31%), PER (15.64 and 16.37%), and total physical fitness score (12.04 and 7.78%, p < 0.05). The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in OLS, TMS, and total physical fitness score than did the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference in injury incidence rate between the 2 study groups (intervention group: 14.2, control group: 13.9 injuries per month per 100 persons) was registered. The results indicate that the change from a civilian daily routine to the physically more demanding military routine led to significant improvements in physical fitness in both study groups. The additional outdoor circuit training session per week led to greater improvements in total physical fitness score but did not increase injury rates.
本研究旨在实施户外循环训练计划作为标准训练的补充，并检查其对瑞士陆军新兵体能和受伤发生率的影响。同一燧发枪步兵训练学校的干预组（标准和额外训练，n=134，21.0±1.1 岁，74.1±10.0 公斤，1.78±0.1 米）和对照组（仅标准训练，n=125，20.4±1.2 岁，73.3±9.1 公斤，1.78±0.1 米）进行了比较。瑞士军队的标准体能训练规定包括 2 节，总时长至少 3 小时/周。20-50 名新兵组成小组在体育馆和户外进行这些训练。标准训练包括广泛的练习和运动活动（力量和有氧健身训练、团队运动、障碍课程、体能测试和定向越野）。本研究实施的额外循环健身训练计划每周进行一次，每次 60 分钟。它在户外进行，每周都进行相同的练习（热身、深蹲、俯桥、背部和肩部练习、爬楼梯、侧桥、单腿平衡、平衡木行走、间歇性跑步和主动恢复）。在基础军事训练的第一周和最后一周（7 周），志愿者的体能使用立定跳远、坐姿 2 公斤铅球、单腿站立测试（OLS）、躯干肌肉力量测试（TMS）和渐进耐力跑（PER）进行评估。在 21 周的军事训练学校期间，在医疗记录中收集受伤数据。干预组每周进行 1.0 次标准训练，时长 70.0 分钟，1.0 次额外的户外循环训练，时长 50.0 分钟/周。对照组进行 1.3 次标准训练，总时长 70.7 分钟/周。经过 7 周的基础军事训练，干预组和对照组的 OLS（35.63%和 9.79%）、TMS（29.84%和 11.31%）、PER（15.64%和 16.37%）和总体能评分（12.04%和 7.78%，p<0.05）均有显著提高。与对照组相比，干预组的 OLS、TMS 和总体能评分的改善更为显著（p<0.05）。两组的受伤发生率（干预组：14.2 例，对照组：每月每 100 人 13.9 例）无显著差异。结果表明，从平民日常生活到对体能要求更高的军事生活的转变，两组的体能都有显著提高。每周额外增加一次户外循环训练可以显著提高总体体能评分，但不会增加受伤率。
