Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190/705, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30310-100, Brazil.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2012 Nov;85(8):853-64. doi: 10.1007/s00420-011-0729-1. Epub 2011 Dec 23.
This study estimates the prevalence of absenteeism due to voice disorders among teachers and investigates individual and contextual factors associated with it.
The study involved 1,980 teachers from 76 municipal schools. The response rate was 85%. The survey was carried out between May 2004 and July 2005 using a self-administered structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic, lifestyle, health, and work-related questions. The dependent variable was obtained from answers to the following question: In the last 2 weeks, have you missed work because of voice problems? Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors.
Voice-related absenteeism in the prior 2 weeks was reported by 66 teachers (3.35%). During their entire careers, approximately one-third of teachers missed work at least once due to voice problems. In the final model, factors associated with recent absenteeism were as follows: witnessing violence by students or parents one or more times (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.14-3.90), presence of depression or anxiety (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.09-3.78), upper respiratory problems in the prior 2 weeks (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.53-5.29), and absenteeism because of voice problems during the preceding 6 months (OR = 15.79; 95% CI = 8.18-30.45).
The results encourage new approaches to the problems of absenteeism in the educational sector and contribute to addressing the weaknesses of economic and administrative approaches to the phenomenon.
本研究旨在估算教师嗓音障碍缺勤率，并调查与之相关的个体和环境因素。
该研究共纳入来自 76 所市立学校的 1980 名教师，应答率为 85%。2004 年 5 月至 2005 年 7 月间，采用包含社会人口学、生活方式、健康和工作相关问题的自填式结构化问卷开展调查。因嗓音问题缺勤的情况通过以下问题获得：“在过去两周内，您是否因嗓音问题而缺勤？”采用逻辑回归分析确定相关因素。
在过去两周内，有 66 名教师（3.35%）因嗓音问题缺勤。在其整个职业生涯中，约有三分之一的教师因嗓音问题至少缺勤过一次。在最终模型中，与近期缺勤相关的因素如下：目睹学生或家长暴力行为 1 次或以上（OR=2.10；95%CI=1.14-3.90）、存在抑郁或焦虑（OR=2.03；95%CI=1.09-3.78）、过去两周内存在上呼吸道问题（OR=2.85；95%CI=1.53-5.29）以及过去 6 个月内因嗓音问题缺勤（OR=15.79；95%CI=8.18-30.45）。
研究结果鼓励采取新方法解决教育部门的缺勤问题，并有助于弥补针对该现象的经济和管理方法的不足。
