Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2019 Apr 15;35Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e00171717. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00171717.
The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and duration of work absenteeism due to voice disorders in Brazilian schoolteachers and the association with work-related factors and health status. This was a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 6,510 female and male schoolteachers in basic education, from October 2015 to March 2016. The dependent variable was the teacher's report of some work absence due to a voice problem in the previous 12 months. The independent variables related to work conditions and health status. A descriptive analysis was performed of the prevalence and duration of work absences due to voice problems. The association between the target event and the other variables was measured as the prevalence ratio with 95% confidence intervals, using Poisson regression. The main reason for teachers missing classroom work was voice disorders (17.7%), and most absences (78%) were short (seven days or less). In the final multivariate model adjusted by gender, higher prevalence of absence due to voice disorders was associated with schoolteachers in the North and Northeast of Brazil, longer time commuting to and from work, self-report of occupational disease, visit to health services, and report of psychological and respiratory problems during the same 12-month period. There was a high prevalence of short work absences due to voice problems, associated with comorbidities. Macrostructural factors suggest the social nature of the illness process and work absenteeism in Brazilian schoolteachers.
这项研究旨在调查巴西中小学教师因嗓音障碍导致的缺勤率和缺勤时间，并探讨其与工作相关因素和健康状况的关系。这是一项横断面研究，于 2015 年 10 月至 2016 年 3 月选取了基础教育阶段的 6510 名男女中小学教师作为代表性样本。因嗓音问题缺勤的教师报告作为因变量，工作条件和健康状况的相关变量作为自变量。对因嗓音问题缺勤的发生率和缺勤时间进行描述性分析。采用泊松回归，以患病率比及其 95%置信区间来衡量目标事件与其他变量之间的关联。教师缺课的主要原因是嗓音障碍（17.7%），大多数缺勤时间（78%）较短（七天或以下）。在按性别调整的最终多变量模型中，因嗓音障碍缺勤的发生率较高与巴西北部和东北部的中小学教师、上下班通勤时间较长、自述患有职业病、就医、以及在同一 12 个月内报告心理和呼吸问题有关。由于存在共病，因嗓音问题导致的短期缺勤率较高。宏观结构因素表明，巴西中小学教师的疾病过程和缺勤具有社会性。
