US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
Neurotoxicology. 2012 Aug;33(4):902-10. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.013. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
The expanding development and production of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have diverse and far-reaching potential benefits in consumer products, food, drugs, medical devices and for enhancing environmental cleanup and remediation. The knowledge of potential implications of ENMs, including the potential for inadvertent exposures and adverse neurotoxic consequences, is lagging behind their development. A potential risk for neurotoxicity arises if exposure leads to systemic absorption and distribution to the nervous system. This paper is the summary of a symposium entitled Neurotoxicity Potential of Engineered Nanomaterials presented at the 2011 Xi'an International Neurotoxicology Conference held June 5-9 in Xi'an China. The following topics were featured in the symposium: the toxicokinetics of engineered nanomaterials; differential uptake of nanoceria in brain and peripheral organs; translocation into the brain and potential damage following nanoparticle exposure; and the retina as a potential site of nanomaterial phototoxicity. Each of these topics is discussed fully in sections of the manuscript. The promising benefits of ENM technology can be best realized if the potential risks are first understood and then minimized in product and system designs.
工程纳米材料（ENMs）的不断发展和生产在消费品、食品、药品、医疗器械以及增强环境清理和修复方面具有多样化和深远的潜在益处。然而，人们对 ENMs 的潜在影响，包括意外暴露和不良神经毒性后果的潜在可能性的认识，落后于其发展。如果暴露导致全身吸收并分布到神经系统，则可能存在神经毒性的风险。本文是在 2011 年 6 月 5 日至 9 日在中国西安举行的第 21 届西安国际神经毒理学会议上题为“工程纳米材料的神经毒性潜力”的专题讨论会的总结。本次专题讨论会的重点包括：工程纳米材料的毒代动力学；纳米氧化铈在大脑和外周器官中的差异摄取；纳米颗粒暴露后的脑内转移和潜在损伤；以及视网膜作为纳米材料光毒性的潜在部位。这些主题在本文的各个部分都进行了充分的讨论。如果首先了解潜在风险，然后在产品和系统设计中最小化这些风险，那么 ENM 技术的巨大好处就可以得到最好的实现。
