Dickinson Gregory S, Alugupalli Kishore R
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4(2):699-712. doi: 10.2741/s294.
The bacteria of the genus Borrelia are arthropod-borne spirochetes that cause relapsing fever and Lyme disease in humans. Like most arthropod-borne pathogens, Borreliae must survive in the periphery of their vertebrate hosts to allow for transmission to another arthropod vector. These spatial and temporal restrictions require that Borreliae evade the adaptive immune response. Borreliae have evolved genetic mechanisms that alter their surface protein expression, thereby altering the antigenic target presented to the host. To control Borreliae infection, the host relies on a rapid humoral response. While it is clear that B cell antigen receptor signaling is a critical requirement for the specific antibody responses, growing evidence suggests that additional signaling by innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors is necessary for optimal T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antibody responses. This review is focused on the role of Toll-like receptors in B cell responses to relapsing fever and Lyme disease Borreliae.
疏螺旋体属细菌是节肢动物传播的螺旋体，可引起人类回归热和莱姆病。与大多数节肢动物传播的病原体一样，疏螺旋体必须在脊椎动物宿主的外周存活，以便传播给另一种节肢动物媒介。这些时空限制要求疏螺旋体逃避适应性免疫反应。疏螺旋体已经进化出改变其表面蛋白表达的遗传机制，从而改变呈现给宿主的抗原靶点。为了控制疏螺旋体感染，宿主依赖快速的体液反应。虽然很明显B细胞抗原受体信号传导是特异性抗体反应的关键要求，但越来越多的证据表明，先天免疫受体（如Toll样受体）的额外信号传导对于最佳的T细胞依赖性和T细胞非依赖性抗体反应是必要的。本综述重点关注Toll样受体在B细胞对回归热和莱姆病疏螺旋体反应中的作用。
