Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Dec 28;10(2):123-36. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2677.
How bacteria grow and divide while retaining a defined shape is a fundamental question in microbiology, but technological advances are now driving a new understanding of how the shape-maintaining bacterial peptidoglycan sacculus grows. In this Review, we highlight the relationship between peptidoglycan synthesis complexes and cytoskeletal elements, as well as recent evidence that peptidoglycan growth is regulated from outside the sacculus in Gram-negative bacteria. We also discuss how growth of the sacculus is sensitive to mechanical force and nutritional status, and describe the roles of peptidoglycan hydrolases in generating cell shape and of D-amino acids in sacculus remodelling.
细菌在保持特定形状的同时如何生长和分裂是微生物学中的一个基本问题，但技术的进步正在推动人们对维持细菌肽聚糖囊形状的方式有新的理解。在这篇综述中，我们强调了肽聚糖合成复合物与细胞骨架成分之间的关系，以及最近的证据表明，革兰氏阴性菌的肽聚糖生长是在囊外受到调控的。我们还讨论了囊的生长如何对机械力和营养状态敏感，描述了肽聚糖水解酶在产生细胞形状中的作用以及 D-氨基酸在囊重塑中的作用。
