放射性废物管理中的膜分离技术：简要综述。

Membrane purification in radioactive waste management: a short review.

机构信息

Laboratory of Applied Environmental Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Patteristonkatu 1, Mikkeli 501000, Finland.

出版信息

J Environ Radioact. 2012 Feb;105:76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.002. Epub 2011 Dec 27.

DOI:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.002

PMID:22204752

Abstract

Radiation hazards of radionuclides arising from nuclear plant facilities are well known. Separation technologies are used to concentrate the radionuclides and prevent the spread of this hazard to the environment. The present review describes the recent advances made in radioactive waste treatment using membrane separation technology. The first part discusses the membrane methods for collective separation of radionuclides and the second part discusses the membrane methods for selective separation of individual radionuclides. For the collection separation of radionulides, methods include reverse osmosis, precipitation followed by ultrafiltration or microfiltration and membrane distillation. Individual elements have been separated using liquid supported membranes, polymer inclusion membranes, solid polymer based electrolysis, nanofiltration, electrochemical salt-splitting process and other advanced separation methods.

摘要

核电厂设施产生的放射性核素的辐射危害是众所周知的。分离技术用于浓缩放射性核素，防止这种危害扩散到环境中。本综述描述了使用膜分离技术处理放射性废物的最新进展。第一部分讨论了放射性核素的集体分离的膜方法，第二部分讨论了个别放射性核素的选择分离的膜方法。对于放射性核素的收集分离，方法包括反渗透、沉淀后超滤或微滤和膜蒸馏。使用液体支撑膜、聚合物包容膜、基于固体聚合物的电解、纳滤、电化学盐分裂过程和其他先进的分离方法已经分离了个别元素。