National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, MS 579, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Water Res. 2012 Mar 15;46(4):921-33. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.022. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
While it is well-established that Legionella are able to colonize engineered water systems, the number of interacting factors contributing to their occurrence, proliferation, and persistence are unclear. This review summarizes current methods used to detect and quantify legionellae as well as the current knowledge of engineered water system characteristics that both favour and promote legionellae growth. Furthermore, the use of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models to predict potentially critical human exposures to legionellae are also discussed. Understanding the conditions favouring Legionella occurrence in engineered systems and their overall ecology (growth in these systems/biofilms, biotic interactions and release) will aid in developing new treatment technologies and/or systems that minimize or eliminate human exposure to potentially pathogenic legionellae.
虽然军团菌能够在工程化的水系统中定殖已经得到了充分证实，但导致其发生、增殖和持续存在的相互作用因素的数量尚不清楚。本综述总结了目前用于检测和定量军团菌的方法，以及有利于和促进军团菌生长的工程化水系统特性的现有知识。此外，还讨论了使用定量微生物风险评估 (QMRA) 模型来预测人类可能面临的军团菌的潜在风险。了解有利于工程系统中军团菌发生的条件及其整体生态（在这些系统/生物膜中的生长、生物相互作用和释放）将有助于开发新的处理技术和/或系统，以最大程度地减少或消除人类接触潜在致病性军团菌的风险。
