Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
J Atten Disord. 2013 Apr;17(3):249-60. doi: 10.1177/1087054711428741. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
This study examined whether "top-down" and "bottom-up" control processes can differentiate children with ADHD who exhibit co-occurring aggression and/or internalizing symptoms.
Participants included 74 children (M age = 10.7 years) with a Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) diagnosis of ADHD. The authors' top-down measure was executive functioning (EF) indexed via two neuropsychological tasks whereas their bottom-up measure was emotional reactivity. Parents also reported on children's aggression and internalizing symptoms.
Emotional reactivity was associated with co-occurring aggressive symptoms, regardless of the presence of internalizing symptoms or ADHD symptom severity, whereas EF deficits were less likely to occur in children with ADHD and co-occurring internalizing symptoms.
The authors' findings highlight the importance of integrating top-down and bottom-up regulatory measures when studying the multipathway conception of ADHD and its co-occurring problems.
本研究旨在探讨“自上而下”和“自下而上”的控制过程是否可以区分同时存在攻击性行为和/或内化症状的 ADHD 儿童。
参与者包括 74 名（M 年龄=10.7 岁）被诊断患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（第四版；DSM-IV）的儿童。作者的自上而下的测量指标是通过两项神经心理学任务来衡量的执行功能（EF），而他们的自下而上的测量指标是情绪反应。父母还报告了孩子的攻击性行为和内化症状。
情绪反应与同时存在的攻击性行为相关，无论是否存在内化症状或 ADHD 症状严重程度如何，而 EF 缺陷在同时存在内化症状的 ADHD 儿童中较少出现。
作者的发现强调了在研究 ADHD 的多途径概念及其并发问题时，整合自上而下和自下而上的调节措施的重要性。
