Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical and Health Sciences Centre, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, POB 2, Hungary.
Health Policy. 2012 Apr;105(1):25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.12.003. Epub 2012 Jan 2.
The Roma constitute the largest ethnic minority in the European Region. The many policy initiatives designed over the past two decades to tackle their adverse social conditions in Central and South Eastern Europe, where the Roma population is concentrated, have had limited success. This paper reviews what is being done to improve the health and social situation of Roma communities in the Region and identifies factors that may limit the effectiveness of these policy initiatives. Strong political commitment, measures to overcome prejudices against Roma, inter-sectoral policy coordination, adequate budgets, evidence-based policies, and Roma involvement can be identified as key preconditions for improved health outcomes and well-being. However, developing a sound evidence-based approach to Roma inclusion requires removing obstacles to the collection of reliable data and improving analytical and evaluation capacity. Health policies seeking to reduce health inequalities for Roma people need to be aligned with education, economic, labour market, housing, environmental and territorial development policies and form part of comprehensive policy frameworks allowing for effective integration.
罗姆人是欧洲地区最大的少数民族。过去二十年来，在罗姆人集中的中东欧地区，为改善他们的不利社会状况而制定了许多政策倡议，但收效甚微。本文综述了为改善该地区罗姆人社区的健康和社会状况所做的工作，并确定了可能限制这些政策倡议有效性的因素。可以确定的关键前提条件包括：强有力的政治承诺、克服对罗姆人的偏见的措施、部门间政策协调、充足的预算、循证政策以及罗姆人的参与，这些都可以改善健康结果和幸福感。然而，要制定针对罗姆人包容问题的健全循证方法，需要消除可靠数据收集方面的障碍并提高分析和评估能力。旨在减少罗姆人健康不平等现象的卫生政策需要与教育、经济、劳动力市场、住房、环境和领土发展政策保持一致，并成为允许有效融入的综合政策框架的一部分。
