Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012 Mar;25(1):66-79. doi: 10.2478/s13382-012-0009-7. Epub 2012 Jan 5.
The aim of current analysis was to identify socio-demographic correlates of heavy smoking.
Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), a nationally representative household study was implemented in Poland between 2009 and 2010. We used data on representative sample of 1915 adults, age 25 years and older. The Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for heavy smoking to the broad number of variables including age, age at smoking onset, education, occupational classification, living conditions, place of residence, place of residence at age about 14 years, awareness of smoking health consequences were tested in logistic regression model.
Among daily smokers the rate of heavy smokers was 63% in males and 45% in females (p < 0.001). The present study indicated that three characteristics: age, early age at smoking onset and lack of awareness of smoking health consequences were significantly associated with heavy smoking among both genders. Significantly higher risk of heavy smoking was observed among the 50-59 years of age population compared to the youngest group. The heavy smoking rate was highest among males who started smoking under age 14 years (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.4-6.7; p < 0.001) and females that started smoking at age 14-17 years (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5-3.5; p < 0.0001) compared to those who started smoking at age 21 years or older. Heavy smoking was significantly correlated to lack of awareness of adverse health consequences of smoking (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.03; p < 0.01 and OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.2; p < 0.01 for men and women, respectively) compared to aware respondents.
These outcomes should be taken into account while developing tobacco control measures. Among other things, educational interventions to increase knowledge of adverse tobacco health effects should be widely implemented.
本分析旨在确定重度吸烟的社会人口学相关因素。
全球成人烟草调查（GATS）是一项在波兰于 2009 年至 2010 年进行的具有全国代表性的家庭研究。我们使用了年龄在 25 岁及以上的 1915 名成年人的代表性样本数据。使用逻辑回归模型检验了与广泛变量（包括年龄、吸烟开始年龄、教育、职业分类、生活条件、居住地、14 岁左右居住地、对吸烟健康后果的认识）相关的重度吸烟的优势比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
在每日吸烟者中，男性重度吸烟者的比例为 63%，女性为 45%（p<0.001）。本研究表明，男性和女性中，有三个特征：年龄、吸烟开始年龄早和对吸烟健康后果的认识不足，与重度吸烟显著相关。与最年轻组相比，50-59 岁人群的重度吸烟风险显著更高。男性中，吸烟开始年龄<14 岁（OR=3.1；95%CI：1.4-6.7；p<0.001）和女性中，吸烟开始年龄在 14-17 岁（OR=2.3；95%CI：1.5-3.5；p<0.0001）的重度吸烟率最高，与吸烟开始年龄为 21 岁或以上的人相比。与有认知的人相比，对吸烟对健康的不良后果缺乏认知（OR=1.5；95%CI：1.1-2.03；p<0.01 和 OR=1.5；95%CI：1.0-2.2；p<0.01，男性和女性分别）与重度吸烟显著相关。
在制定烟草控制措施时，应考虑这些结果。除其他外，应广泛实施旨在增加对吸烟对健康的不良影响的知识的教育干预措施。
