Kaleta Dorota, Makowiec-Dąbrowska Teresa, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elżbieta, Fronczak Adam
Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Poland.
Department of Work Physiology and Ergonomics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(4):756-66.
Improving the access to information on determinants of the smoking epidemic is essential for increasing the effectiveness of tobacco control policies. While the statistics of smoking prevalence in Poland are available, data on smoking initiation and its social correlates are still poorly described.
To investigate the association of socio-demographic indicators with regular smoking initiation among adults.
Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) on socio-demographic and smoking-related characteristics of respondents were used. GATS is a nationally representative household survey. GATS provided data on a representative sample of 7,840 adult individuals--2,207 male and 1,321 female ever smokers. Logistic regression analysis was performed and the χ2 test for relevant calculations.
Among males, the regular smoking initiation rate was significantly higher compared to females (59.2% vs. 34.2%; p<0.01). Mean age of smoking initiation was lower in men compared to women (18.4±3.6 vs. 20.0± 4.7 p < 0.01). Lack of awareness on smoking health consequences was strongly associated with initiating of regular smoking among both genders (unaware vs. aware respondents: OR = 3.0 CI 2.3-4.0; p < 0.001 in men and OR = 3.07 CI 2.3-3.9; p<0.001 in women). Older age, vocational education and unemployment were associated with regular smoking initiation among men and women. Also, not being religious considerably contributed to increased likelihood of smoking initiation in women (OR = 4.4 CI 2.5-7.7; p<0.001).
The results indicate that policies focused on preventing smoking onset among Poles are needed to reduce tobacco epidemic, with the ultimate goal of translating evidence into policy.
改善获取吸烟流行决定因素信息的途径对于提高烟草控制政策的有效性至关重要。虽然波兰有吸烟流行率的统计数据，但关于吸烟起始及其社会关联的数据仍描述不足。
调查社会人口学指标与成年人经常吸烟起始之间的关联。
使用全球成人烟草调查（GATS）中关于受访者社会人口学和吸烟相关特征的数据。GATS是一项具有全国代表性的家庭调查。GATS提供了关于7840名成年个体的代表性样本的数据——2207名男性和1321名女性曾经吸烟者。进行了逻辑回归分析并进行了相关计算的χ²检验。
男性的经常吸烟起始率显著高于女性（59.2%对34.2%；p<0.01）。男性开始吸烟的平均年龄低于女性（18.4±3.6对20.0±4.7，p<0.01）。对吸烟健康后果缺乏认识与男女双方经常吸烟起始密切相关（未意识到与意识到的受访者：男性中OR = 3.0，CI 2.3 - 4.0；p<0.001，女性中OR = 3.07，CI 2.3 - 3.9；p<0.001）。年龄较大、接受职业教育和失业与男女双方经常吸烟起始有关。此外，不信教在很大程度上增加了女性吸烟起始的可能性（OR = 4.4，CI 2.5 - 7.7；p<0.001）。
结果表明，需要制定侧重于预防波兰人开始吸烟的政策以减少烟草流行，最终目标是将证据转化为政策。
