University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Clin J Sport Med. 2012 Jan;22(1):46-50. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e31824200a4.
To highlight and discuss the considerations for the future development of equipment standards for Winter Paralympic sports.
Literature searches were performed (in English) during May 2011 using the key words "technology, winter sport, Olympic, and Paralympic" in the computerized databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. In addition, personal scientific observations were made at several Winter Paralympic Games. The retrieved articles were screened and assessed for relevance to the biological, biomechanical, and sport medicine aspects of equipment.
There are 3 key areas in which technology has influenced sports performance in Paralympic winter sports, namely, specialized prostheses, crutch skis or outriggers (in lieu of poles), and sport-specific wheelchairs (such as the sit-ski). From a sport medicine perspective, a crucial factor not considered in the standard laboratory test of mechanical efficiency is the influence of the human-equipment connection, such as the stump-to-prosthesis interface or the required human-to-wheelchair control. This connectivity is critical to the effective operation of the assistive device. When assessing the efficiency of this equipment, the not-so-obvious, holistic, compensatory factors need to be considered.
Assistive equipment is fundamental for a person with a disability to participate and compete in winter sport activities. Although there have been improvements in the mechanical function of some assistive devices, the key issue is matching the residual function of the person with the assistive equipment. Equitable access to this technology will also ensure that the fundamental spirit of fair play that underpins the Paralympic Games is maintained.
强调并讨论未来冬季残奥会运动设备标准发展的注意事项。
2011 年 5 月，使用计算机数据库 PubMed、PsycINFO、Science Direct 和 Google Scholar 中的关键词“技术、冬季运动、奥林匹克、残奥会”，以英文进行文献检索。此外，还在几届冬季残奥会上进行了个人科学观察。对检索到的文章进行了筛选和评估，以确定其与设备的生物、生物力学和运动医学方面的相关性。
技术在冬季残奥会运动中影响运动表现的关键领域有 3 个，即专门的假肢、腋杖滑雪板或支腿（代替雪杖）和特定于运动的轮椅（如坐式滑雪板）。从运动医学的角度来看，机械效率标准实验室测试中没有考虑到的一个关键因素是人体与设备的连接的影响，如残肢与假肢的接口或对轮椅的人体控制要求。这种连接对于辅助设备的有效运行至关重要。在评估设备效率时，需要考虑那些不太明显的、整体的、补偿性的因素。
辅助设备对于残疾人参与和竞争冬季运动活动至关重要。尽管一些辅助设备的机械功能有所提高，但关键问题是将人的残余功能与辅助设备相匹配。公平获取这项技术也将确保支撑残奥会的公平竞赛的基本精神得以维持。
