藏红花（番红花）：全面综述。

Crocus sativus L.: A comprehensive review.

作者信息

Srivastava R, Ahmed H, Dixit R K, Saraf S A

机构信息

Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India .

出版信息

Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jul;4(8):200-8. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70919.

Crocus sativus L. belonging to the family Iridaceae (syn - kesar) comprises the dried red stigma and is widely cultivated in Iran and other countries such as India and Greece. Saffron contains more than 150 volatile and aroma-yielding compounds mainly terpenes, terpene alcohol, and their esters. The bitter taste and an iodoform or hay-like fragrance are caused by chemicals picrocrocin and safranal. C. sativus possesses a number of medicinally important activities such as antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antitussive, antigenototoxic and cytotoxic effects, anxiolytic aphrodisiac, antioxidant, antidepressant, antinociceptive , anti-inflammatory, and relaxant activity. It also improves memory and learning skills, and increases blood flow in retina and choroid. The present review explores the historical background, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, uses, substitutes and adulterants, and toxicity. It also deals with its evaluation, formulations, and chemical tests in detail.

藏红花属于鸢尾科（同义词 - 藏红花），由干燥的红色柱头组成，在伊朗以及印度和希腊等其他国家广泛种植。藏红花含有150多种挥发性和产生香气的化合物，主要是萜类、萜醇及其酯类。苦味以及碘仿味或干草样香味是由化学物质藏红花苦素和藏红花醛引起的。藏红花具有许多重要的药用活性，如抗高血压、抗惊厥、镇咳、抗基因毒性和细胞毒性作用、抗焦虑壮阳、抗氧化、抗抑郁、抗伤害感受、抗炎和松弛活性。它还能改善记忆和学习能力，并增加视网膜和脉络膜的血流量。本综述探讨了其历史背景、化学成分、药理作用、用途、替代品和掺假物以及毒性。它还详细介绍了其评价、制剂和化学测试。