Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2012 Jan;31(1):12-9. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.1150.
The rising tide of diabetes has an unacceptable human and societal toll. Rates of all major forms of diabetes are increasing at enormous individual and societal cost: 8.3 percent of the US population is afflicted today, and financial costs reached $174 billion for 2007. A major cause of blindness, renal failure, amputation, and cardiovascular disease, diabetes also increases the risk of cancer and dementia and more than doubles individual health care costs. Control of glucose, blood pressure, and lipids improves outcomes. Yet diabetes management is nonetheless suboptimal, particularly in disproportionately affected poor and minority populations. Safer, less burdensome, and more personalized approaches to therapy are needed. People at high risk for type 2 diabetes must be identified if society is to realize the benefits of therapies proven to delay or prevent the disease. We have many of the tools we need to address this challenge, and we must apply them now.
糖尿病发病率不断上升，给人类和社会带来了无法承受的损失。所有主要类型糖尿病的发病率都在以巨大的个人和社会代价上升：如今，美国有 8.3%的人口受到影响，2007 年的医疗费用达到 1740 亿美元。糖尿病是失明、肾衰竭、截肢和心血管疾病的主要病因，还会增加癌症和痴呆的风险，并使个人医疗费用增加一倍以上。控制血糖、血压和血脂可以改善预后。然而，糖尿病管理仍然不尽如人意，特别是在受影响不成比例的贫困和少数族裔人群中。需要采用更安全、负担更小、更个性化的治疗方法。如果社会要实现已被证明能延迟或预防该疾病的疗法的益处，就必须发现 2 型糖尿病高危人群。我们有许多应对这一挑战所需的工具，现在必须加以应用。
