Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, NY, USA.
Ann Pharmacother. 2012 Feb;46(2):255-64. doi: 10.1345/aph.1Q436. Epub 2012 Jan 10.
To review available data describing the epidemiology, outcomes, prevention, and treatment of influenza virus in the solid organ transplant population and to evaluate the strengths and limitations of the current literature, with a focus on literature reviewing annual influenza strains and the recent pandemic novel influenza A/H1N1 strain.
A systematic literature search (July 1980-June 2011) was performed via PubMed using the following key words: influenza, human; influenza; novel influenza A H1/N1; transplantation; solid organ transplantation; kidney transplant; renal transplant; lung transplant; heart transplant; and liver transplant.
Papers were excluded if they were not written in English or were animal studies or in vitro studies. Data from fully published studies and recent reports from international conferences were included.
The influenza virus presents a constant challenge to immunocompromised patients and their health care providers. The annual influenza strain introduces a highly infectious and pathogenic risk to solid organ transplant recipients. In 2009, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic as a result of a novel influenza A/H1N1 strain. The pandemic introduced an additional viral threat to solid organ transplant patients at increased risk for infectious complications. The mainstay for prevention of influenza infection in all at-risk populations is appropriate vaccination. Antiviral therapies against influenza for chemoprophylaxis and treatment of infection are available; however, dosing strategies in the solid organ transplant population are not well defined.
The solid organ transplant population is at an increased risk of severe complications from influenza infection. Identifying risks, preventing illness, and appropriately treating active infection is essential in this patient population.
回顾现有的关于流感病毒在实体器官移植人群中的流行病学、结局、预防和治疗的数据，并评估当前文献的优缺点，重点是对季节性流感株和最近的新型甲型 H1N1 流感株的文献综述。
通过 PubMed 系统地进行了文献检索（1980 年 7 月至 2011 年 6 月），使用了以下关键词：流感，人；流感；新型甲型 H1/N1；移植；实体器官移植；肾移植；肾移植；肺移植；心脏移植；和肝移植。
如果文章不是英文写成的，或者是动物研究或体外研究，则将其排除在外。纳入了完整发表的研究和国际会议的最新报告的数据。
流感病毒对免疫功能低下的患者及其医护人员构成持续挑战。季节性流感株给实体器官移植受者带来了高度传染性和致病性的风险。2009 年，世界卫生组织宣布了一种新型甲型 H1N1 流感株引发的大流行。大流行给处于感染并发症高风险的实体器官移植患者带来了额外的病毒威胁。预防所有高危人群流感感染的主要方法是适当接种疫苗。针对流感的抗病毒治疗可用于化学预防和治疗感染，但在实体器官移植人群中的剂量策略尚未明确。
实体器官移植人群因流感感染而导致严重并发症的风险增加。在这一患者群体中，确定风险、预防疾病和适当治疗活动性感染至关重要。
