Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Dec;26(12):3297-303. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318248ad40.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 types of warm-up (WU) on swimming performance, reaction time, and dive distance. In repeated-measures counterbalanced design, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I swimmers (n = 16) used 3 WUs before performing 50-yd (45.7-m) freestyle swim trials. The WU consisted of (a) no WU, (b) short WU (50-yd at 40% of swimmers' maximal effort and 50-yd at 90%), and (c) regular WU (usual precompetition WU). The mean 50-yd time was significantly faster (p = 0.01) after the regular WU (24.95 ± 1.53 seconds) when compared with that of the short WU (25.26 ± 1.61 seconds). However, individual data indicated that 19% of the participants performed their best in the 50-yd category after short, 37% after no, and 44% after regular WU. Heart rate was significantly higher (p = 0.01) after regular WU (100 ± 13 b·min(-1)) when compared with that of the no WU category (88 ± 18 b·min(-1)). However, no significant differences among WUs were found for reaction time (p = 0.96), rating of perceived exertion post 50-yd time trial (p = 0.11), dive distance (p = 0.67), or stroke count (p = 0.23). In conclusion, the average regular WU was better than short or noWU to achieve the fastest mean time in the 50-yd freestyle; however, some individual performances were faster after WUs different from their regular approach.
本研究旨在评估 3 种热身方式（WU）对游泳表现、反应时间和潜水距离的影响。在重复测量的平衡设计中，美国大学生体育协会一级游泳运动员（n=16）在进行 50 码（45.7 米）自由泳试验前使用 3 种 WU。WU 包括（a）无 WU、（b）短 WU（50 码，以游泳者最大努力的 40%进行，50 码，以 90%进行）和（c）常规 WU（通常的赛前 WU）。与短 WU（25.26 ± 1.61 秒）相比，常规 WU（24.95 ± 1.53 秒）后的 50 码平均时间明显更快（p=0.01）。然而，个体数据表明，在 50 码项目中，19%的参与者在短 WU 后表现最佳，37%的参与者在无 WU 后表现最佳，44%的参与者在常规 WU 后表现最佳。与无 WU 组（88 ± 18 b·min-1）相比，常规 WU（100 ± 13 b·min-1）时的心率显著更高（p=0.01）。然而，在反应时间（p=0.96）、50 码时间试验后感知用力程度评分（p=0.11）、潜水距离（p=0.67）或划水次数（p=0.23）方面，WU 之间均无显著差异。总之，平均常规 WU 比短 WU 或无 WU 更能实现 50 码自由泳的最快平均时间；然而，一些个体的表现速度在不同于其常规方式的 WU 后更快。
