a ProBiomechanics LLC , Bloomfield Hills , Michigan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15(5):457-61. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2013.835044.
This study investigated the number of occupants involved and severely injured in light-vehicle crashes by vehicle and crash type.
1994-2010 NASS-CDS data were analyzed to estimate the risk of severely injured occupants involved in motor vehicle crashes. Crashes were grouped by front, side, rear, and rollovers. The effect of occupancy and vehicle type was investigated. Light vehicles were less than 4536 kg with model year 1994+. The annual number of Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) 4+F injuries was estimated and the risk was determined using all occupants with known injury (MAIS 0-6+F).
There were 21,869 MAIS 4+F injuries annually, with 62.7 percent involving passenger cars, 15.9 percent sport utility vehicles (SUVs), 15.3 percent trucks, and 6.1 percent vans. In 36.6 percent of van crashes, MAIS 4+F occurred when there were 4+ occupants and 13.0 percent with 7+ occupants in the vehicle. Overall, 12.8 percent of severely injured were in crashes involving 4+ occupants and 1.4 percent with 7+ occupants. In addition, 30.1 percent of MAIS 4+F occurred in rollovers and only 5.8 percent of crashes were rollovers. Rollovers had the highest injury risks, irrespective of the number of occupants. There was a trend for an increased fraction of injury in frontal crashes and a lower fraction in rollovers. There were high risks in side and rear crashes with 5+ occupants.
On average, there were 1.35 occupants involved in a crash per vehicle. Severely injured occupants were uncommon in 5+ occupancy vehicles. There was a trend for increased injury risks with occupancy. The risk was 1.65 times higher in vehicles with 7+ occupants compared to those with a driver only.
本研究通过车辆和事故类型，调查涉及和严重受伤的乘用车乘员人数。
对 1994 年至 2010 年 NASS-CDS 数据进行分析，以评估机动车事故中严重受伤乘员的风险。将碰撞事故分为正面、侧面、后面和翻车。研究了乘员和车辆类型的影响。轻型车辆小于 4536 千克，车型年份为 1994 年及以后。每年的最大简略损伤量表（MAIS）4+F 损伤数量进行了估计，并使用已知损伤的所有乘员（MAIS 0-6+F）确定了风险。
每年有 21869 例 MAIS 4+F 损伤，其中 62.7%涉及乘用车，15.9%为运动型多用途车（SUV），15.3%为卡车，6.1%为厢式货车。在厢式货车的 36.6%碰撞事故中，当车辆中有 4+名乘员时发生 MAIS 4+F，当车辆中有 7+名乘员时发生 13.0%。总体而言，12.8%的严重受伤者在涉及 4+名乘员的事故中，1.4%的严重受伤者在 7+名乘员的事故中。此外，30.1%的 MAIS 4+F 发生在翻车事故中，只有 5.8%的事故是翻车事故。无论乘员人数多少，翻车事故的受伤风险最高。正面碰撞中受伤比例呈上升趋势，翻车事故中受伤比例呈下降趋势。侧面和后面碰撞的风险较高，且有 5+名乘员。
平均而言，每辆车涉及 1.35 名乘员。5+名乘员的车辆中，严重受伤的乘员并不常见。随着乘员人数的增加，受伤风险呈上升趋势。与只有驾驶员的车辆相比，有 7+名乘员的车辆的风险增加了 1.65 倍。
