Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia GPO Box 2471 Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Mar;45 Suppl:62-7. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.028. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
Due to irregular working hours shiftworkers experience circadian disruption and sleep restriction. There is some evidence to indicate that these factors adversely affect health through changes in snacking behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of sleep restriction, prior wake and circadian phase on snacking behaviour during a week of simulated shiftwork. Twenty-four healthy males (age: 22.0 ± 3.6 years, mean ± SD) lived in a sleep laboratory for 12 consecutive days. Participants were assigned to one of two schedules: a moderate sleep restriction condition (n=10) equivalent to a 6-h sleep opportunity per 24h or a severe sleep restriction condition (n=14) equivalent to a 4-h sleep opportunity per 24h. In both conditions, sleep/wake episodes occurred 4h later each day to simulate a rotating shiftwork pattern. While living in the laboratory, participants were served three meals and were provided with either five (moderate sleep restriction condition) or six (severe sleep restriction condition) snack opportunities daily. Snack choice was recorded at each opportunity and assigned to a category (sweet, savoury or healthy) based on the content of the snack. Data were analysed using a Generalised Estimating Equations approach. Analyses show a significant effect of sleep restriction condition on overall and sweet snack consumption. The odds of consuming a snack were significantly greater in the severe sleep restriction condition (P<0.05) compared to the moderate sleep restriction condition. In particular, the odds of choosing a sweet snack were significantly increased in the severe sleep restriction condition (P<0.05). Shiftworkers who are severely sleep restricted may be at risk of obesity and related health disorders due to elevated snack consumption and unhealthy snack choice. To further understand the impact of sleep restriction on snacking behaviour, future studies should examine physiological, psychological and environmental motivators.
由于轮班工作时间不规律，轮班工人会经历昼夜节律紊乱和睡眠限制。有一些证据表明，这些因素会通过改变零食行为对健康产生不利影响。本研究旨在调查睡眠限制、前夜和昼夜节律相位对模拟轮班期间零食行为的影响。24 名健康男性（年龄：22.0±3.6 岁，均值±标准差）在睡眠实验室连续生活 12 天。参与者被分配到两种方案之一：中度睡眠限制条件（n=10）相当于每 24 小时有 6 小时的睡眠机会，或严重睡眠限制条件（n=14）相当于每 24 小时有 4 小时的睡眠机会。在这两种情况下，睡眠/觉醒事件每天都推迟 4 小时，以模拟轮班工作模式。当生活在实验室时，参与者每天会提供三餐，并提供 5 个（中度睡眠限制条件）或 6 个（严重睡眠限制条件）零食机会。每次机会都会记录零食选择，并根据零食的内容将其分类（甜食、咸食或健康食品）。使用广义估计方程方法对数据进行分析。分析显示，睡眠限制条件对总体和甜食零食的摄入量有显著影响。在严重睡眠限制条件下，摄入零食的几率显著高于中度睡眠限制条件（P<0.05）。特别是，在严重睡眠限制条件下，选择甜食的几率显著增加（P<0.05）。严重睡眠受限的轮班工人可能因零食摄入量增加和不健康的零食选择而面临肥胖和相关健康障碍的风险。为了进一步了解睡眠限制对零食行为的影响，未来的研究应检查生理、心理和环境动机。
